# Predator Loss and Ecosystem Effects

Quantify energy transfer efficiency through trophic levels (~10% rule); explain trophic cascades: how removing an apex predator triggers a chain of ecosystem changes (sea otters → sea urchin explosion → kelp forest collapse); define 'fishing down the food web'; evaluate evidence for ocean rewilding — shark reintroduction, whale recovery driving nutrient cycling; understand why ecosystem-based fisheries management is needed

Builds on: Ocean Pollution & Harm (hard, https://ai.page/c/ocean-pollution-and-harm/en.md)

Concept id: predator-loss-and-ecosystem-effects. Subject: science. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0.

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