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How to learn Kindergarten: English language arts

Alabama academic standards: English language arts, Kindergarten

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1. Literacy Foundations K-3 · Participate in shared research and writing projects to answer a question or describe a topic.

  1. Shared Research Projects: Participate in shared research and writing projects; recall information from experiences or gather information from sources to answer a question

2. Literacy Foundations K-3 · When speaking and writing, follow the rules of standard English grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and grade-appropriate spelling.

  1. Grammar words: letter, word, sentence: Use basic grammatical terminology when discussing reading and writing: letter, capital letter, word, singular, plural, sentence, punctuation, full stop, question mark, exclamation mark
  2. Starting and Ending Sentences: Begin sentences with a capital letter and end them with the appropriate mark (full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark); recognise and name end punctuation

3. Literacy Foundations K-3 · Apply knowledge of grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences and spelling rules (or generalizations) to encode words accurately.

  1. Single Letter Sounds: Know the primary sound for each consonant and the short and long sounds for the five major vowels; respond speedily to single-letter graphemes
  2. Blending Sounds to Read Words: Apply phonic knowledge to blend sounds in unfamiliar words containing taught grapheme-phoneme correspondences; respond speedily to graphemes for all 40+ phonemes

4. Literacy Foundations K-3 · Print legibly, using proper pencil grip.

  1. Forming Capital Letters: Form capital letters correctly; print many upper- and lowercase letters legibly

5. Literacy Foundations K-3 · With prompting and support, compare and contrast two texts.

  1. Comparing Characters Across Stories: Compare and contrast the adventures and experiences of characters in familiar stories; identify similarities and differences between two texts on the same topic
  2. Different Types of Texts: Recognise common types of texts (storybooks, poems, non-fiction); name the author and illustrator and define the role of each in telling or presenting a text

6. Literacy Foundations K-3 · Identify and describe the main story elements in a literary text.

  1. Characters, settings, and events: Identify characters, settings, and major events in stories; become familiar with key stories, fairy tales, and traditional tales and retell them with key details in sequence
  2. Retelling Stories with Structure: Retell stories including key details in sequence, describe characters, settings, and major events using evidence from the text, and describe the overall structure of a story (beginning, middle, ending)

7. Literacy Foundations K-3 · Use new and previously-taught vocabulary to produce and expand complete sentences in shared language activities.

  1. Using New Vocabulary: Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, being read to, and responding to texts in own speech and writing

8. Literacy Foundations K-3 · Ask and answer questions about unfamiliar words in discussions and/or text.

  1. Discussing and Questioning New Words: Ask and answer questions about unknown words in texts; discuss word meanings and link new vocabulary to words already known

9. Literacy Foundations K-3 · Demonstrate early phonological awareness to basic phonemic awareness skills in spoken words.

  1. Onsets & Rimes: Blend and segment onsets and rimes in single-syllable words; isolate and pronounce individual phonemes (initial, medial, final) in CVC words; add or substitute phonemes to make new words
  2. Syllables: Count, blend, and segment syllables in spoken words; divide written words into syllables as an aid to reading and spelling
  3. Rhyming words: Recognise and produce rhyming words; join in with predictable phrases and rhymes in stories and poems; learn to appreciate and recite poems by heart

10. Literacy Foundations K-3 · Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of printed materials.

  1. Understanding print: Demonstrate understanding that print carries meaning, follows left-to-right top-to-bottom directionality, and is organised page by page in books

11. Literacy Foundations K-3 · With guidance and support, present information orally, using complete sentences in correct word order.

  1. Simple Stories with Beginning and Ending: Write simple narratives by sequencing sentences to describe events in order; narrate a single event or linked events with a beginning, middle, and ending or reaction
  2. Expressing & Justifying Opinions: Articulate and justify answers, arguments, and opinions; participate in discussions, presentations, performances, role play, and debates

12. Literacy Foundations K-3 · Actively listen and speak using agreed-upon rules for discussion, with guidance and support.

  1. Listening and responding: Listen and respond appropriately to adults and peers; follow agreed-upon rules for discussion such as listening to others and taking turns speaking

13. Writing

  1. Writing to inform: Compose informative or explanatory texts using drawing, dictating, or writing that name a topic and supply some information about it
  2. Writing opinions: Compose opinion pieces using drawing, dictating, or writing that name a topic or book and state a preference or opinion about it

14. Comprehension

  1. Main Topic of Informational Texts: Identify the main topic and retell key details of informational texts; describe connections between individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information
  2. Pictures and Text Working Together: Describe the relationship between illustrations and the text in which they appear; use pictures to support and extend comprehension
  3. Book Features and Author's Reasons: Identify front cover, back cover, and title page of a book; identify the reasons an author gives to support points in informational text

15. Vocabulary

  1. Sorting & Categorising Words: Sort common objects and words into categories to understand how concepts relate; demonstrate understanding of opposites (antonyms) for common verbs and adjectives

16. Fluency

  1. Knowing all letters: Recognise and name all uppercase and lowercase letters of the alphabet; name the letters in order and use letter names to distinguish between alternative spellings

17. Oral Language

  1. Exploring Ideas Through Talk: Use spoken language to develop understanding through speculating, hypothesising, imagining, and exploring ideas; use strategies to build vocabulary through talk
  2. Asking Questions: Ask relevant questions to extend understanding; ask and answer questions to seek help, get information, or clarify something not understood
  3. Listening to Texts Read Aloud: Listen to and discuss poems, stories, and non-fiction at a level beyond independent reading; confirm understanding of texts read aloud by asking and answering questions about key details