How to learn Grade 8: Mathematics

Saskatchewan curriculum: Mathematics, Grade 8

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1. Statistics and Probability - Goals: Number Sense, Spatial Sense, Logical Thinking, Mathematics as a Human Endeavour · Demonstrate understanding of the probability of independent events concretely, pic

The Probability Scale: Understand probability as a measure on a scale from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain); use the language of probability including likely, unlikely, certain, and impossible

Scatter Graphs & Correlation: Describe simple mathematical relationships between two variables using scatter graphs, identify positive, negative, or no correlation, and use a line of best fit to make predictions

Coordinate Transformations: Identify properties of translations, rotations, and reflections; describe and perform these transformations on given figures, and understand that the image is congruent to the original
Coordinates (age 12+): Understand similarity as a relationship where one shape is an enlargement of another; construct similar shapes by enlargement with a given scale factor and centre, with and without coordinate grids

Angles in triangles (age 11+): Derive and apply formulae for the area of triangles, parallelograms, and trapezia, and for the volume of cuboids and other prisms (including cylinders), connecting each formula to its geometric reasoning

3-D shapes (age 11+): Use the properties of faces, surfaces, edges, and vertices of 3-D shapes (cubes, cuboids, prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres) to solve problems, including visualising cross-sections

Types of angles (age 13+): Apply Pythagoras’ Theorem (a² + b² = c²) to calculate unknown side lengths in right-angled triangles, including in real-world and coordinate-geometry contexts

Estimating answers (age 13+): Use graphs of linear and quadratic functions to estimate output values for given inputs, find approximate solutions to equations, and interpret graphical information in real-world contexts
Solving Linear Equations: Use algebraic methods to solve linear equations in one variable, including equations that require rearrangement, expanding brackets, and collecting terms on both sides; solve equations with rational number coefficients
Numbers on a number line: Understand inequalities as statements comparing expressions, represent solutions on a number line, and solve simple linear inequalities using the same inverse-operation methods as equations

Linear Function Graphs: Recognise that a linear function produces a straight-line graph, understand the relationship between an equation of the form y = mx + c and its graphical representation, and interpret gradient and y-intercept in context
Simultaneous Equations: Understand that two linear equations can be solved simultaneously by finding the point where their graphs intersect, and interpret this graphically and algebraically as the pair of values satisfying both equations

Number Sets & Infinity: Appreciate the infinite nature of the sets of integers, real numbers, and rational numbers; position integers on a number line and distinguish between rational and irrational numbers

Positive and Negative Numbers: Understand positive and negative numbers as describing quantities with opposite directions or values; use them in context such as temperature, floors in a building, and bank balances
Sign Rules for Multiplication: Multiply and divide with positive and negative integers and rational numbers, understanding the rules for the sign of the product or quotient

Proportional Reasoning Vocabulary: Know and use advanced vocabulary of multiplicative reasoning — direct proportion, inverse proportion, ratio, rate, unit rate, compound unit, scale factor — accurately in problem-solving contexts
Dividing Quantities by Ratio: Divide a given quantity into two parts in a given part:part or part:whole ratio, and express the division as a fraction of the whole
Proportion: Recognise and solve problems involving direct proportion (as one quantity increases, the other increases at a constant rate) and inverse proportion (as one increases, the other decreases), including graphical and algebraic representations

Percentages as Fractions: Define percentage as 'number of parts per hundred'; interpret percentages and percentage changes as a fraction or a decimal; express one quantity as a percentage of another; compare quantities using percentages; work with percentages greater than 100%

Square and cube numbers: Use integer powers and associated real roots (square, cube, and higher); recognise powers of 2, 3, 4, and 5; distinguish between exact representations of roots and their decimal approximations