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How to learn Kindergarten: English Language Arts

Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts & Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects, Kindergarten

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1. Language · Conventions of Standard English

  1. Forming Capital Letters: Form capital letters correctly; print many upper- and lowercase letters legibly
  2. Basic Nouns & Verbs: Use frequently occurring nouns (people, places, things) and verbs (action words) appropriately in speech and writing
  3. Regular Plural Nouns: Form and use regular plural nouns orally and in writing by adding -s or -es; understand that plural means more than one
  4. Question Words: Understand and use question words (who, what, where, when, why, how) to form and answer questions
  5. Prepositions: Understand and use the most frequently occurring prepositions of location and direction (e.g. to, from, in, out, on, off, for, by, with)
  6. Building sentences: Understand that words combine to make sentences — a sentence expresses a complete thought; produce and expand complete sentences in speech and writing
  7. Spaces Between Words: Separate words with spaces in writing; understand that spaces mark word boundaries in print
  8. Starting and Ending Sentences: Begin sentences with a capital letter and end them with the appropriate mark (full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark); recognise and name end punctuation
  9. Segmenting words into sounds: Segment spoken words into phonemes and spell CVC and simple phonetically regular words by writing a letter or letters for each sound

2. Language · Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

  1. Discussing and Questioning New Words: Ask and answer questions about unknown words in texts; discuss word meanings and link new vocabulary to words already known
  2. Word Parts as Clues: Use knowledge of common inflections and affixes (-ed, -s, un-, -er) as clues to the meaning of unknown words; understand how the prefix un- changes meaning
  3. Sorting & Categorising Words: Sort common objects and words into categories to understand how concepts relate; demonstrate understanding of opposites (antonyms) for common verbs and adjectives
  4. Shades of Meaning: Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs describing similar actions and among adjectives differing in intensity; make real-life connections between words and their use
  5. Using New Vocabulary: Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, being read to, and responding to texts in own speech and writing

3. Reading · Print Concepts

  1. Understanding print: Demonstrate understanding that print carries meaning, follows left-to-right top-to-bottom directionality, and is organised page by page in books
  2. Knowing all letters: Recognise and name all uppercase and lowercase letters of the alphabet; name the letters in order and use letter names to distinguish between alternative spellings

4. Reading · Phonological Awareness

  1. Rhyming words: Recognise and produce rhyming words; join in with predictable phrases and rhymes in stories and poems; learn to appreciate and recite poems by heart
  2. Syllables: Count, blend, and segment syllables in spoken words; divide written words into syllables as an aid to reading and spelling

5. Reading · Phonics and Word Recognition

  1. Single Letter Sounds: Know the primary sound for each consonant and the short and long sounds for the five major vowels; respond speedily to single-letter graphemes
  2. Blending Sounds to Read Words: Apply phonic knowledge to blend sounds in unfamiliar words containing taught grapheme-phoneme correspondences; respond speedily to graphemes for all 40+ phonemes

6. Reading · Fluency

  1. Reading fluently: Read aloud books matched to phonic ability accurately and with growing fluency; reread familiar texts to build confidence, speed, and expression

7. Reading · Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

  1. Discussing Texts as a Group: Participate in discussions about what is read, taking turns and listening to others; explain understanding clearly; actively engage in group reading activities

8. Reading · Craft and Structure

  1. Book Features and Author's Reasons: Identify front cover, back cover, and title page of a book; identify the reasons an author gives to support points in informational text
  2. Different Types of Texts: Recognise common types of texts (storybooks, poems, non-fiction); name the author and illustrator and define the role of each in telling or presenting a text

9. Reading · Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

  1. Pictures and Text Working Together: Describe the relationship between illustrations and the text in which they appear; use pictures to support and extend comprehension
  2. Comparing Characters Across Stories: Compare and contrast the adventures and experiences of characters in familiar stories; identify similarities and differences between two texts on the same topic

10. Reading · Key Ideas and Details

  1. Characters, settings, and events: Identify characters, settings, and major events in stories; become familiar with key stories, fairy tales, and traditional tales and retell them with key details in sequence

11. Speaking & Listening · Comprehension and Collaboration

  1. Listening to Texts Read Aloud: Listen to and discuss poems, stories, and non-fiction at a level beyond independent reading; confirm understanding of texts read aloud by asking and answering questions about key details
  2. Asking Questions: Ask relevant questions to extend understanding; ask and answer questions to seek help, get information, or clarify something not understood

12. Speaking & Listening · Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas

  1. Describing Aloud: Describe familiar people, places, things, and events with detail; speak audibly and express thoughts, feelings, and ideas clearly; give well-structured descriptions and explanations