How to learn Grade 1: Mathematics

Common Core State Standards for Mathematics, Grade 1

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1. G · Reason with shapes and their attributes.

1. Angles in triangles (age 6+): Distinguish defining attributes of shapes (e.g. triangles are closed and three-sided) from non-defining attributes (e.g. colour, orientation, overall size)
2. Building with 3-D Shapes: Compose three-dimensional shapes (cubes, right rectangular prisms, right circular cones, right circular cylinders) and create composite shapes; build new shapes from component shapes
3. Composing Shapes: Compose two-dimensional shapes (rectangles, squares, trapezoids, triangles, half-circles, quarter-circles) to create composite shapes, and compose new shapes from the composite shape
4. Halves & Quarters of Shapes: Partition circles and rectangles into two and four equal shares and describe them using the words halves, fourths, and quarters
5. Decomposing a shape into more equal shares: Understand that decomposing a shape into more equal shares creates smaller shares

2. MD · Measure lengths indirectly and by iterating length units.

1. Measuring length: Order three objects by length and compare the lengths of two objects indirectly using a third object
2. Measuring length (age 6+): Measure the length of an object using same-size length units laid end to end with no gaps or overlaps

3. MD · Tell and write time.

1. Telling Time: Minutes: Tell and write the time to five minutes, including quarter past and quarter to, and draw clock hands to show these times

4. MD · Represent and interpret data.

1. Sorting Data into Categories: Organise and represent data with up to three categories by counting objects in each category and sorting categories by quantity
2. Sorting into categories (age 6+): Interpret categorical data by asking and answering questions about totals, how many in each category, and how many more or less one category has than another

5. NBT · Extend the counting sequence.

1. Reading and writing numbers to 120: Count to 120 starting at any number less than 120; read and write numerals to 120

6. NBT · Understand place value.

1. The teen numbers: Understand that the teen numbers (11–19) are composed of ten ones and some further ones (early place value)
2. A Ten Is Ten Ones: Understand that 10 can be thought of as a bundle of ten ones — called a 'ten'
3. The two digits of a two-digit number: Understand that the two digits of a two-digit number represent amounts of tens and ones
4. The multiples of 10: Understand that the multiples of 10 (10, 20, 30 … 90) represent one to nine tens and 0 ones
5. Comparing and ordering numbers: Compare and order two-digit numbers using the symbols >, =, and <, based on place value understanding

7. NBT · Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.

1. Adding within 100: Add within 100 using strategies based on place value, including adding a two-digit and one-digit number, and a two-digit and a multiple of 10
2. 10 More or 10 Less: Mentally find 10 more or 10 less than a given two-digit number without counting
3. Subtracting multiples of 10: Subtract multiples of 10 (10–90) from multiples of 10 using place value strategies

8. OA · Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.

1. Early Word Problems: Solve one-step word problems involving addition and subtraction to 20, including missing-number problems
2. Adding Three Small Numbers: Add three one-digit numbers using strategies including looking for pairs that make 10

9. OA · Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction.

1. Addition in any order: Understand and apply the commutative property of addition: addends can be added in any order
2. Grouping numbers to add: Understand and apply the associative property of addition: when adding three numbers, any two can be added first
3. Finding a missing number in addition: Understand subtraction as finding an unknown addend (e.g. 10 − 8 = ? is the same as 8 + ? = 10)
4. Inverse: addition undoes subtraction: Recognise and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction to check calculations and solve missing-number problems

10. OA · Add and subtract within 20.

1. Addition and subtraction strategies: Use counting on and counting back as strategies for addition and subtraction
2. Fluent adding and subtracting within 10: Fluently add and subtract within 10
3. Addition and subtraction within 20: Add and subtract within 20 using strategies such as making ten, decomposing a number leading to ten, and using known facts

11. OA · Work with addition and subtraction equations.

1. What the equals sign means: Understand the meaning of the equal sign as 'is the same as' and determine if equations are true or false
2. Unknown in Addition & Subtraction: Determine the unknown whole number in an addition or subtraction equation relating three whole numbers