How to learn Vuosiluokat 3–6: Languages

Perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteet 2014 (Finnish national core curriculum for basic education): Suomen kieli ja kirjallisuus (Finnish language and literature), Vuosiluokat 3–6

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1. Vuorovaikutustilanteissa toimiminen

1. Listening and responding: Listen and respond appropriately to adults and peers; follow agreed-upon rules for discussion such as listening to others and taking turns speaking

2. Tekstien tulkitseminen

1. Combining information from texts: Integrate information from two texts on the same topic in order to write or speak about the subject knowledgeably, combining and comparing what each source contributes
2. Synthesising across multiple texts: Integrate information from several texts on the same topic in order to write or speak about the subject knowledgeably, combining information without plagiarising
3. Self-Correcting While Reading: Check that text makes sense while reading and self-correct inaccurate reading by re-reading or using context
4. Shades of Meaning: Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs describing similar actions and among adjectives differing in intensity; make real-life connections between words and their use
5. Antonyms & Synonyms: Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their antonyms (opposites) and synonyms (words with similar meanings), using synonym and antonym relationships to refine vocabulary and improve precision in writing
6. Justifying Views About Texts: Provide reasoned justifications for views about texts, supporting interpretations and opinions with evidence and logical arguments
7. Pictures and Text Working Together: Describe the relationship between illustrations and the text in which they appear; use pictures to support and extend comprehension
8. Defining Words: Define words by category and by one or more key attributes (e.g., 'a duck is a bird that swims'), making real-life connections between words and their use
9. Listening to Texts Read Aloud: Listen to and discuss poems, stories, and non-fiction at a level beyond independent reading; confirm understanding of texts read aloud by asking and answering questions about key details
10. Using New Vocabulary: Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, being read to, and responding to texts in own speech and writing
11. Using Multiple Sources: Draw on information from multiple print or digital sources, demonstrating the ability to locate an answer to a question quickly or solve a problem efficiently
12. Using and Evaluating Textual Evidence: Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of what a text says explicitly and what can be inferred, distinguishing between strong and weak evidence and explaining how the evidence supports a point

3. Tekstien tuottaminen

1. Evidence-Based Writing: Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research in writing, applying grade-level reading standards to non-fiction
2. Why the author wrote it: Distinguish one's own point of view from that of the author of an informational text and identify the author's purpose
3. Developed Informational and Explanatory Writing: Write informative and explanatory texts that examine a topic and convey ideas clearly — organising information logically with headings and formatting, developing the topic with relevant facts, definitions, details, and quotations, and using precise vocabulary
4. Sharing and Publishing Your Writing: Read own writing aloud clearly enough to be heard by peers and the teacher; use digital tools to produce and publish writing
5. Vivid Word Choices: Choose precise and vivid words and phrases to create specific effects in writing
6. Standard English: Know and understand the differences between spoken and written language — including differences in formality, register, grammar, and vocabulary — and between Standard English and other varieties of English, using Standard English confidently in writing and speech
7. Phrases & Clauses: Understand and analyse the function of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, prepositional) and clauses (main, subordinate, relative) in general and in specific sentences, including recognising and correcting misplaced and dangling modifiers
8. Revising and editing (age 7+): Evaluate and edit writing by assessing effectiveness, proposing changes to grammar and vocabulary for consistency, and proof-reading for spelling, grammar and punctuation errors at Y3-4 level

4. Kielen, kirjallisuuden ja kulttuurin ymmärtäminen

1. Discussing and Questioning New Words: Ask and answer questions about unknown words in texts; discuss word meanings and link new vocabulary to words already known
2. Comparing Books: Make comparisons within and across books, identifying similarities and differences in themes, characters, settings, and authorial choices across multiple texts
3. Text & Media Connections: Make connections between the text of a story or drama and a visual or oral presentation of the text, identifying where each version reflects specific descriptions and directions from the text
4. Performing Scripts & Poetry: Improvise, rehearse, and perform play scripts and poetry — using role, intonation, tone, volume, mood, silence, stillness, and action to generate language, explore meaning, and add impact to performance
5. Author's word choices: Recognise how an author's deliberate choices — of words, structure, tone, and perspective — create particular effects on you as a reader