How to learn Grade 3: Mathematics

Georgia academic standards: Mathematics, Grade 3

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1. Geometric & Spatial Reasoning · Determine the perimeter of a polygon presented in real-life, mathematical problems.

Perimeters of polygons: Solve problems involving perimeters of polygons: find perimeter from side lengths, find an unknown side length, and explore rectangles with same perimeter but different areas (or vice versa)

Area by Tiling: Find the area of a rectangle by tiling it with unit squares and show that the result equals the product of the side lengths
Understanding Area: Understand that a unit square has one square unit of area and that the area of a plane figure is the number of unit squares that cover it without gaps or overlaps

Parallel and perpendicular lines: Identify horizontal and vertical lines and pairs of perpendicular and parallel lines
Lines, Rays & Angles: Draw and identify points, lines, line segments, rays, angles (right, acute, obtuse), and perpendicular and parallel lines; identify these in two-dimensional figures
Classifying shapes by line properties: Classify two-dimensional figures based on the presence or absence of parallel or perpendicular lines, or angles of a specified size; recognise right triangles as a category

Calculating with measurements: Measure, compare, add, and subtract lengths (m/cm/mm), mass (kg/g), and volume/capacity (l/ml) using standard units
Measuring Liquids & Masses: Measure and estimate liquid volumes and masses of objects using grams, kilograms, and litres; solve one-step word problems involving mass or volume
Measuring & Plotting Lengths: Generate measurement data by measuring lengths to the nearest whole unit and display the data on a line plot
Halves and quarters (age 8+): Generate measurement data by measuring lengths to the nearest half and quarter inch; display the data on a line plot with a scale marked in whole numbers, halves, and quarters
Estimating answers (age 7+): Estimate and read time with increasing accuracy to the nearest minute; record and compare time in terms of seconds, minutes, and hours
Comparing Time Durations: Compare durations of events and calculate the time taken by particular events or tasks
Working with money: Model real-world problems involving measurement, money, and time by choosing appropriate representations and interpreting results in context

Multiplication and Division Word Problems: Use multiplication and division within 100 to solve word problems involving equal groups, arrays, and measurement quantities
Multiplying by Tens: Multiply one-digit whole numbers by multiples of 10 in the range 10–90 using strategies based on place value and properties of operations
Properties of Operations: Apply properties of operations (commutative, associative, distributive) as strategies to multiply and divide
Extending Table Patterns: Recognise and use repeated reasoning to generalise: extend multiplication table patterns, derive unknown facts from known ones, and describe rules for sequences

Addition and subtraction strategies (age 7+): Explain why addition and subtraction strategies work, using place value and the properties of operations
Addition and subtraction within 1000: Add and subtract within 1000 using concrete models, drawings, and strategies based on place value; understand composing and decomposing tens and hundreds

Multiplying fractions: Understand a/b as a multiple of 1/b; multiply proper fractions and mixed numbers by whole numbers, supported by visual models (e.g. 3 × 2/5 = 6/5 = 1 1/5)
Comparing fractions (age 8+): Compare two fractions with the same numerator or the same denominator by reasoning about size; record comparisons with >, =, or < symbols
Dividing fractions (unit fractions): Interpret and compute division of a unit fraction by a non-zero whole number (e.g. 1/3 ÷ 4 = 1/12); use visual models and the relationship between multiplication and division to explain the result
Fractions on a number line: Move fluently between real-world situations, diagrams, number lines, and symbolic equations involving multiplication, fractions, and decimals, explaining what each representation shows

Rounding to 10, 100, 1000: Round any number to the nearest 10, 100, or 1000
Rounding Large Numbers: Round any whole number up to 1,000,000 to the nearest 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000, or 100,000 using place-value understanding
Comparing Large Numbers: Order and compare numbers beyond 1000
Reading and writing numbers to 1000: Read and write numbers to 1000 in numerals, number names, and expanded form
Reading and writing numbers (age 9+): Read, write, order, and compare whole numbers up to at least 1,000,000 using base-ten numerals, number names, expanded form, and place-value understanding

Justifying mathematical reasoning: Construct and follow multi-step mathematical arguments; identify errors in reasoning and explain why a method works or does not work
Mathematical Precision: Communicate with mathematical precision: use correct fraction/decimal vocabulary, name angle types accurately, specify units in measurement and money, and use notation (=, <, >, ÷, ×) correctly