How to learn Grade 4: Science

Georgia academic standards: Science, Grade 4

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1. Life Science · Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the roles of organisms and the flow of energy within an ecosystem.

1. Life Cycles of Organisms: Develop models to describe that organisms have unique and diverse life cycles but all share the common stages of birth, growth, reproduction, and death
2. Ocean Ecosystems: Understand ocean ecosystems as interconnected systems where living things (producers, consumers, decomposers) and non-living factors (temperature, salinity, light, currents) all interact, and that changes to one part affect the whole system
3. Energy from Food & the Sun: Use models to describe that energy in animals' food was once energy from the sun, transferred through plants or other organisms
4. Ecology Vocabulary: Use vocabulary for feeding relationships and ecological roles — producer, consumer, predator, prey, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, decomposer, food chain, food web, nutrient cycle — and describe how energy and matter flow through ecosystems using these terms

2. Physical Science · Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the relationship between balanced and unbalanced forces.

1. Balanced & Unbalanced Forces: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object
2. Levers, Pulleys & Gears: Recognise that some mechanisms including levers, pulleys, and gears allow a smaller force to have a greater effect
3. Force & Motion Vocabulary: Use technical vocabulary for force and motion — balanced forces, unbalanced forces, resultant force, acceleration, deceleration, speed, moment, lever, fulcrum, mechanical advantage — and apply these when explaining and predicting how forces affect the motion and position of objects

3. Physical Science · Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about how sound is produced and changed and how sound and/or light can be used to communicate.

1. Communication with Light & Sound: Design and build a device that uses light or sound to solve the problem of communicating over a distance
2. Volume & Vibrations: Find patterns between the volume of a sound and the strength of the vibrations that produced it

4. Physical Science · Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the nature of light and how light interacts with objects.

1. What happens when things collide: Ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in energy that occur when objects collide
2. Light Travels in Straight Lines: Recognise that light appears to travel in straight lines and use this to explain how we see objects and why shadows have the same shape as the objects that cast them
3. Transparent, Translucent & Opaque: Investigate the effect of placing objects made of different materials in the path of a beam of light, discovering transparent, translucent, and opaque materials

5. Earth and Space Science · Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to predict weather events and infer weather patterns using weather charts/maps and collected weather data.

1. Weather vs climate: Obtain and combine information to describe climates in different regions of the world, distinguishing between weather and climate
2. Using Weather Instruments: Use weather instruments to measure and record weather data: thermometers for temperature in °C, rain gauges for rainfall, wind vanes for direction, and anemometers for wind speed — and keep a weather diary over time
3. Weather Forecasting: Know that meteorologists are scientists who study and forecast the weather using satellites, radar, weather balloons, and computer models, and that weather forecasts help people plan their activities and prepare for dangerous weather
4. Reading Weather Maps: Read and interpret weather maps, data tables, and graphs — identifying symbols for sun, rain, wind, and temperature; spotting trends and patterns in weather data over weeks, months, or seasons; and using data to make simple predictions

6. Earth and Space Science · Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to demonstrate the water cycle.

1. Evaporation and condensation: Name and use vocabulary for the water cycle — evaporation, condensation, precipitation, collection, transpiration, water vapour, runoff, groundwater — and describe each stage of the cycle using these terms in the correct sequence
2. Evaporation & the Water Cycle: Identify the role of evaporation and condensation in the water cycle, and associate the rate of evaporation with temperature
3. The Water Cycle: Describe the water cycle, tracing water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, and transpiration in plants, explaining how the sun drives the cycle

7. Earth and Space Science · Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to model the effects of the position and motion of the Earth and the moon in relation to the sun as observed from the Earth.

1. Earth & Space Vocabulary: Use technical vocabulary for Earth's motion and the wider universe — rotation, revolution, axis, tilt, orbit, light year, gravitational force, atmosphere, lunar phases, waxing, waning, solstice, equinox, eclipse — and apply these when explaining day and night, the seasons, and the Moon's phases
2. Earth's rotation and day/night: Use the idea of the Earth's rotation to explain day and night and the apparent movement of the sun across the sky

8. Earth and Space Science · Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to compare and contrast the physical attributes of stars and planets.

1. Scale of the Solar System: Use scale models, diagrams, or calculations to represent the relative sizes and distances of objects in the solar system, understanding that the distances between planets are enormously larger than the planets themselves
2. Star Brightness & Distance: Support an argument that the apparent brightness of the sun and stars is due to their relative distances from Earth, understanding the sun is a relatively close star