How to learn Grade 4: Science

Iowa academic standards: Science, Grade 4

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1. Engineering Design

1. Simple Design Problems: Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or want that includes specified criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost
2. Comparing Possible Solutions: Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints
3. Fair testing (age 8+): Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved

2. Earth and Human Activity

1. Natural Disaster Solutions: Generate and compare multiple solutions to reduce the impacts of natural Earth processes on humans, such as earthquakes, floods, or volcanic eruptions
2. Natural resources: Obtain and combine information to describe that energy and fuels are derived from natural resources and that their uses affect the environment

3. Earth's Systems

1. Finding patterns in data: Analyse and interpret data from maps to describe patterns of Earth's features, recognising that many features result from processes that occur over long periods
2. Erosion and weathering: Make observations and measurements to provide evidence of the effects of weathering or the rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, or vegetation

4. Earth's Place in the Universe

1. How fossils form: Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time

5. From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

1. Senses, Brain & Responses: Use a model to describe that animals receive information through their senses, process it in their brain, and respond in different ways
2. Structures for Survival: Construct an argument that plants and animals have internal and external structures that function to support survival, growth, behaviour, and reproduction

6. Waves and their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

1. Patterns & Codes for Information: Generate and compare multiple solutions that use patterns to transfer information, such as codes and signals
2. How We See Objects: Develop a model to describe that light reflecting from objects and entering the eye allows objects to be seen
3. Waves & How They Move: Develop a model of waves to describe patterns in terms of amplitude and wavelength, and understand that waves can cause objects to move

7. Energy

1. How energy travels around: Observe and provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents
2. Building an energy-converting device: Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another
3. Speed and energy: Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object
4. What happens when things collide: Ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in energy that occur when objects collide

8. Language Standards

1. Inheritance Vocabulary: Use vocabulary for variation and inheritance — inherited characteristic, acquired characteristic, variation, offspring, trait, species, breed, genetic, environment — and apply these when comparing organisms and explaining similarities and differences within and between species

9. Speaking and Listening Standards

1. Drawing conclusions from evidence: Report on findings from enquiries using oral and written explanations, draw simple conclusions, make predictions, and suggest improvements
2. Evidence Supporting Ideas: Identify scientific evidence that has been used to support or refute ideas or arguments, evaluating the strength of evidence

10. Reading Standards for Informational Text

1. Reading Weather Maps: Read and interpret weather maps, data tables, and graphs — identifying symbols for sun, rain, wind, and temperature; spotting trends and patterns in weather data over weeks, months, or seasons; and using data to make simple predictions
2. Drawing conclusions from evidence (age 9+): Report and present findings including conclusions, causal relationships, explanations, and a degree of trust in results using oral and written forms