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How to learn Grade 1: English language arts

Kansas academic standards: English language arts, Grade 1

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1. Grade 1 · Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when speaking.

  1. Building sentences: Understand that words combine to make sentences — a sentence expresses a complete thought; produce and expand complete sentences in speech and writing
  2. Basic Nouns & Verbs: Use frequently occurring nouns (people, places, things) and verbs (action words) appropriately in speech and writing
  3. Past, Present and Progressive Tense: Use verbs to convey past and present tense correctly and consistently, including the progressive form (e.g., she is drumming, he was shouting), understanding how tense indicates time
  4. Pronouns: Use personal, possessive, and indefinite pronouns correctly (e.g., I/me/my, they/them/their, anyone/everything), replacing nouns to avoid repetition

2. Grade 1 · Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about topics and texts with peers and adults in small and large groups to expand language comprehension.

  1. Discussing Texts as a Group: Participate in discussions about what is read, taking turns and listening to others; explain understanding clearly; actively engage in group reading activities
  2. Group discussions: Participate actively in collaborative conversations staying on topic; continue a conversation through multiple exchanges; maintain attention in discussions

3. Grade 1 · Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation and spelling when writing.

  1. Grammar words: letter, word, sentence: Use basic grammatical terminology when discussing reading and writing: letter, capital letter, word, singular, plural, sentence, punctuation, full stop, question mark, exclamation mark
  2. Starting and Ending Sentences: Begin sentences with a capital letter and end them with the appropriate mark (full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark); recognise and name end punctuation
  3. Capitals for Names, Days and I: Use capital letters for proper nouns (names of people, places) the days of the week, and the personal pronoun 'I'

4. Grade 1 · Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing.

  1. Forming Capital Letters: Form capital letters correctly; print many upper- and lowercase letters legibly

5. Grade 1 · With guidance and support from adults, demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

  1. Shades of Meaning: Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs describing similar actions and among adjectives differing in intensity; make real-life connections between words and their use
  2. Sorting & Categorising Words: Sort common objects and words into categories to understand how concepts relate; demonstrate understanding of opposites (antonyms) for common verbs and adjectives
  3. Defining Words: Define words by category and by one or more key attributes (e.g., 'a duck is a bird that swims'), making real-life connections between words and their use

6. Grade 1 · Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown words and multiple-meaning words and phrases to expand language comprehension.

  1. Word Parts as Clues: Use knowledge of common inflections and affixes (-ed, -s, un-, -er) as clues to the meaning of unknown words; understand how the prefix un- changes meaning
  2. Root Words & Inflections: Identify frequently occurring root words and their inflectional forms (e.g., look/looks/looked/looking), using affixes as clues to word meaning and understanding how suffixes create nouns and adjectives
  3. Discussing and Questioning New Words: Ask and answer questions about unknown words in texts; discuss word meanings and link new vocabulary to words already known

7. Grade 1 · Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.

  1. Reading with Expression and Accuracy: Read aloud with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression (prosody), re-reading familiar texts to build fluency and confidence, and using context to self-correct

8. Grade 1 · Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding and encoding words.

  1. Diphthongs and complex vowels: Read and spell words containing diphthongs and complex vowel patterns (ow, ou, ew, ue, ie, aw, au) and words ending in -y as a vowel sound
  2. Single Letter Sounds: Know the primary sound for each consonant and the short and long sounds for the five major vowels; respond speedily to single-letter graphemes
  3. R-Controlled Vowel Sounds: Read and spell words containing r-controlled vowels (ar, er, ir, ur, or, ore) and vowel-r patterns where 'r' modifies the vowel sound
  4. Blending Sounds to Read Words: Apply phonic knowledge to blend sounds in unfamiliar words containing taught grapheme-phoneme correspondences; respond speedily to graphemes for all 40+ phonemes
  5. Reading Inflectional Endings: Read words containing taught GPCs with common inflectional endings (-s, -es, -ing, -ed, -er, -est) and the prefix un-; read multi-syllable words with taught patterns
  6. Syllables (age 6+): Decode words of two or more syllables by breaking them into syllable chunks, applying knowledge that every syllable must contain a vowel sound, and blending the parts together
  7. Phonics Vocabulary: Know and use the vocabulary of phonics and word structure — phoneme, grapheme, GPC (grapheme-phoneme correspondence), blend, segment, digraph, CVC, vowel, consonant, syllable, root word, suffix, prefix, and homophone — and understand that these words describe the building blocks that phonics instruction is built on

9. Grade 1 · Demonstrate understanding of phonemes (sounds), syllables, and spoken words.

  1. Syllables: Count, blend, and segment syllables in spoken words; divide written words into syllables as an aid to reading and spelling
  2. Onsets & Rimes: Blend and segment onsets and rimes in single-syllable words; isolate and pronounce individual phonemes (initial, medial, final) in CVC words; add or substitute phonemes to make new words

10. Grade 1 · Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of print.

  1. Understanding print: Demonstrate understanding that print carries meaning, follows left-to-right top-to-bottom directionality, and is organised page by page in books