How to learn Kindergarten: English language arts
Kansas academic standards: English language arts, Kindergarten
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1. Kindergarten
- Using New Vocabulary: Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, being read to, and responding to texts in own speech and writing
- Describing Aloud: Describe familiar people, places, things, and events with detail; speak audibly and express thoughts, feelings, and ideas clearly; give well-structured descriptions and explanations
- Asking Questions: Ask relevant questions to extend understanding; ask and answer questions to seek help, get information, or clarify something not understood
- Listening to Texts Read Aloud: Listen to and discuss poems, stories, and non-fiction at a level beyond independent reading; confirm understanding of texts read aloud by asking and answering questions about key details
- Discussing Texts as a Group: Participate in discussions about what is read, taking turns and listening to others; explain understanding clearly; actively engage in group reading activities
- Shared Research Projects: Participate in shared research and writing projects; recall information from experiences or gather information from sources to answer a question
- Sharing and Publishing Your Writing: Read own writing aloud clearly enough to be heard by peers and the teacher; use digital tools to produce and publish writing
- Responding to Writing Feedback: With teacher guidance, re-read own writing aloud to check it sounds right; listen and respond to questions and suggestions from teacher or peers to add detail, clarify meaning, and strengthen writing — this is the scaffolded beginning of writing self-evaluation, not an independent skill
- Simple Stories with Beginning and Ending: Write simple narratives by sequencing sentences to describe events in order; narrate a single event or linked events with a beginning, middle, and ending or reaction
- Writing to inform: Compose informative or explanatory texts using drawing, dictating, or writing that name a topic and supply some information about it
- Writing opinions: Compose opinion pieces using drawing, dictating, or writing that name a topic or book and state a preference or opinion about it
- Reading for Meaning: Understand that reading is about making meaning, not just saying words correctly — a text that can be decoded but not understood has not been read
- Characters, settings, and events: Identify characters, settings, and major events in stories; become familiar with key stories, fairy tales, and traditional tales and retell them with key details in sequence
- Comparing Characters Across Stories: Compare and contrast the adventures and experiences of characters in familiar stories; identify similarities and differences between two texts on the same topic
- Understanding print: Demonstrate understanding that print carries meaning, follows left-to-right top-to-bottom directionality, and is organised page by page in books
- Book Features and Author's Reasons: Identify front cover, back cover, and title page of a book; identify the reasons an author gives to support points in informational text
- Pictures and Text Working Together: Describe the relationship between illustrations and the text in which they appear; use pictures to support and extend comprehension
- Different Types of Texts: Recognise common types of texts (storybooks, poems, non-fiction); name the author and illustrator and define the role of each in telling or presenting a text
- Discussing and Questioning New Words: Ask and answer questions about unknown words in texts; discuss word meanings and link new vocabulary to words already known
- Main Topic & Key Details: Identify the main topic of a multi-paragraph informational text, determine the focus of specific paragraphs, and explain how key details support the main idea
- Reading between the lines: Ask and answer questions about key details in literary and informational texts; make simple inferences based on what characters say and do
- Blending Sounds to Read Words: Apply phonic knowledge to blend sounds in unfamiliar words containing taught grapheme-phoneme correspondences; respond speedily to graphemes for all 40+ phonemes
2. Engage
- Characters' Viewpoints and Responses: Identify and compare characters' points of view, recognise who is narrating a story, describe how characters respond to events and challenges, and compare characters' experiences across different stories or versions of the same story
3. Explore
- Reciting Poetry: Learn poems by heart and recite with appropriate intonation, adding visual displays to descriptions when appropriate, and producing complete sentences in spoken presentations
- Exploring Ideas Through Talk: Use spoken language to develop understanding through speculating, hypothesising, imagining, and exploring ideas; use strategies to build vocabulary through talk
4. Curate
- Non-Fiction Text Features: Recognise different non-fiction text structures and features (headings, contents, glossary, index), understanding how texts are organised to present information
5. Collaborate
- Group discussions: Participate actively in collaborative conversations staying on topic; continue a conversation through multiple exchanges; maintain attention in discussions