How to learn Grade 5: English language arts

Kentucky academic standards: English language arts, Grade 5

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1. Language · Demonstrate understanding of, figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

1. Figurative Language and Literary Devices: Determine the meaning of figurative and connotative language in context, analyse the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, and identify literary devices such as metaphor, simile, personification, allusion, and irony
2. Advanced Figurative Language: Understand and interpret figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meaning — including allusion, irony, pun, oxymoron, and extended metaphor — and distinguish between connotation and denotation when analysing or choosing words

2. Language · Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 5 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.

1. Domain Vocabulary Across Subject Areas: Acquire and use accurately academic and domain-specific vocabulary relevant to grade-level topics, including words that signal precise meaning in informational texts across subject areas
2. Vocabulary Strategies: Determine the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases using a flexible range of strategies — including context clues, Greek and Latin affixes and roots, reference materials, and verification of inferred meaning

3. Language · Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading or listening.

1. Dialects & Registers: Compare and contrast the varieties of English used in stories, dramas, or poems, including dialects and registers, understanding how language varies by region, context, and purpose
2. Discussing and Questioning New Words: Ask and answer questions about unknown words in texts; discuss word meanings and link new vocabulary to words already known

4. Language · When writing:

1. Using a Dictionary to Check Spellings: Use the first two or three letters of a word to check its spelling in a dictionary; consult reference materials including beginning dictionaries to verify and correct spellings
2. Punctuating Titles of Works: Use underlining, quotation marks, or italics to indicate titles of works, applying conventions for different types of works such as books, stories, poems, songs, and articles
3. Commas with yes, no, and names: Use commas to set off the words yes and no, to set off tag questions, and to indicate direct address in sentences
4. Commas After Introductory Elements: Use a comma to separate an introductory element from the rest of the sentence, including introductory words, phrases, and clauses
5. Punctuating Clauses: Use semi-colons, colons, and dashes to mark boundaries between independent clauses, choosing the appropriate punctuation based on the relationship between the clauses

5. Language · When writing or speaking, demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage.

1. Correlative Conjunctions: Use correlative conjunctions correctly in sentences, pairing words such as either/or, neither/nor, both/and, not only/but also, and whether/or
2. Choosing Tenses for Precise Meaning: Use verb tense to convey various times, sequences, states, and conditions, selecting tenses deliberately to express the precise timing and nature of actions and events
3. Consistent verb tense: Recognise and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense within and across sentences and paragraphs, maintaining consistency unless a shift is required by meaning
4. Conjunctions, Prepositions and Interjections: Explain the function of conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections in general and in particular sentences, understanding how each word class contributes to meaning

6. Composition · Compose narratives, using writing and digital resources, to develop real or imagined experiences or multiple events or ideas, using effective technique, descriptive details and clear seq

1. Narrative Writing: Write narratives with developed settings, characters and plot, using dialogue and description to develop experiences and show character responses to situations
2. Planning Narratives: Plan narrative writing by considering how authors have developed characters and settings, drawing on techniques observed in texts read, heard, or performed
3. Writing Character & Dialogue: Write narratives that develop real or imagined experiences using effective technique — including establishing context and point of view, developing characters through dialogue, pacing, and description, using varied transitions, and providing a reflective conclusion

7. Composition · Compose informative and/or explanatory texts, using writing and digital resources, to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly.

1. Developed Informational and Explanatory Writing: Write informative and explanatory texts that examine a topic and convey ideas clearly — organising information logically with headings and formatting, developing the topic with relevant facts, definitions, details, and quotations, and using precise vocabulary
2. Basic Informational Writing: Compose informative or explanatory texts that introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding statement or section

8. Composition · Compose opinion pieces, using writing and digital resources, on topics or texts, supporting the writer's perspective with reasons and information.

1. Structured Opinion Writing: Compose opinion pieces that introduce a topic, state a clear point of view, provide organised reasons linked with connecting words, and include a concluding statement or section

9. Reading Foundational Skills · Read fluently (accuracy, speed and prosody) on grade-level texts to support comprehension.

1. Reading with Expression and Accuracy: Read aloud with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression (prosody), re-reading familiar texts to build fluency and confidence, and using context to self-correct

10. Reading Foundational Skills · Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

1. Syllables (age 6+): Decode words of two or more syllables by breaking them into syllable chunks, applying knowledge that every syllable must contain a vowel sound, and blending the parts together