How to learn Grade 5: Science

Kentucky academic standards: Science, Grade 5

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1. Grade 5

Simple Design Problems: Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or want that includes specified criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost
Communities Protecting Resources: Obtain and combine information about ways individual communities use science ideas to protect the Earth's resources and environment
Classifying living things (age 9+): Record data and results of increasing complexity using scientific diagrams, classification keys, tables, scatter graphs, bar and line graphs
Drawing conclusions from evidence (age 9+): Report and present findings including conclusions, causal relationships, explanations, and a degree of trust in results using oral and written forms
Repeated tests for reliability: Distinguish between precision (consistency of repeated readings) and accuracy (closeness to true value), use significant figures and standard form correctly, and choose and use appropriate measuring instruments to minimise uncertainty
Where water is found on Earth: Identify where water is found on Earth and understand that water can exist as solid (ice) or liquid, recognising water in oceans, rivers, glaciers, and underground
Salt Water vs Fresh Water: Describe and graph the amounts of salt water and fresh water in various reservoirs to provide evidence about the distribution of water on Earth
Earth's atmosphere: Develop a model to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere interact as connected Earth systems
Finding patterns in data: Analyse and interpret data from maps to describe patterns of Earth's features, recognising that many features result from processes that occur over long periods
Earth's rotation and day/night: Use the idea of the Earth's rotation to explain day and night and the apparent movement of the sun across the sky
Shadows: Represent data in graphical displays to reveal patterns of daily changes in shadow length and direction, day and night cycles, and seasonal star patterns
Why the Sun Looks Brightest: Explain why the Sun appears much brighter than other stars: it is the nearest star to Earth, not the biggest or brightest star in the universe — understanding the difference between apparent brightness (how bright something looks) and actual brightness
Evidence Supporting Ideas: Identify scientific evidence that has been used to support or refute ideas or arguments, evaluating the strength of evidence
Star Brightness & Distance: Support an argument that the apparent brightness of the sun and stars is due to their relative distances from Earth, understanding the sun is a relatively close star
Matter Cycling in Ecosystems: Develop a model to describe the movement of matter among plants, animals, decomposers, and the environment in an ecosystem
Food Webs & Interdependence: Construct and interpret food webs showing the interdependence of organisms in an ecosystem, explaining how a change in one population affects others
Plants Grow from Air & Water: Support an argument that plants get the materials they need for growth chiefly from air and water, not from the soil
Energy stores and transfers: Identify the main energy stores (kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, thermal, chemical, nuclear, electromagnetic) and the pathways by which energy is transferred between stores (mechanically, electrically, by heating, by radiation)
Energy from Food & the Sun: Use models to describe that energy in animals' food was once energy from the sun, transferred through plants or other organisms
Waves & How They Move: Develop a model of waves to describe patterns in terms of amplitude and wavelength, and understand that waves can cause objects to move
Correlation vs Causation: Two things happening together doesn't mean one caused the other — recognise the difference between correlation and causation before drawing conclusions
Gravity Pulls Things Down: Understand gravity as a force that pulls objects towards the centre of the Earth, that 'down' means towards Earth’s centre regardless of where you stand on the sphere, and that gravity keeps the Moon orbiting Earth and planets orbiting the Sun
Gravity & Falling Objects: Explain that unsupported objects fall towards the Earth because of the force of gravity acting between the Earth and the falling object
Fair testing (age 9+): Use test results to make predictions and set up further comparative and fair tests to investigate new questions
Measuring accurately: Make systematic and careful observations, take accurate measurements using standard units and equipment including thermometers and data loggers
Material Properties Vocabulary: Use technical vocabulary to describe and compare material properties — conductor, insulator, thermal, electrical, transparent, opaque, translucent, soluble, insoluble, magnetic, flexible, rigid, density — and apply these terms precisely when selecting and justifying materials for particular purposes
Evidence-Based Classification: Give reasons for classifying plants and animals based on specific characteristics, using evidence to justify classification decisions
Advanced Material Properties: Compare and group everyday materials based on advanced properties: hardness, solubility, transparency, electrical and thermal conductivity, and response to magnets
Conservation of Mass: Measure and provide evidence that the total weight of matter is conserved regardless of the type of change (heating, cooling, or mixing)
Matter Is Made of Particles: Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen, and that this explains properties of solids, liquids, and gases