How to learn Grade 5: Science

Massachusetts academic standards: Science, Grade 5

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1. Technology/Engineering · Technological Systems

Modelling with Sketches: Develop a simple sketch, drawing, or physical model to illustrate how the shape of an object helps it function as needed to solve a given problem
Building an energy-converting device: Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another

Energy from Food & the Sun: Use models to describe that energy in animals' food was once energy from the sun, transferred through plants or other organisms

Gravity Pulls Things Down: Understand gravity as a force that pulls objects towards the centre of the Earth, that 'down' means towards Earth’s centre regardless of where you stand on the sphere, and that gravity keeps the Moon orbiting Earth and planets orbiting the Sun

Pure Substances & Mixtures: Distinguish between pure substances and mixtures, identify formulations as useful mixtures with precise compositions, and use melting and boiling points to test for purity
Material Properties Vocabulary: Use technical vocabulary to describe and compare material properties — conductor, insulator, thermal, electrical, transparent, opaque, translucent, soluble, insoluble, magnetic, flexible, rigid, density — and apply these terms precisely when selecting and justifying materials for particular purposes
Conservation of Mass: Measure and provide evidence that the total weight of matter is conserved regardless of the type of change (heating, cooling, or mixing)
Matter Is Made of Particles: Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen, and that this explains properties of solids, liquids, and gases
The Particle Model: Use the particle model to explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases — including differences in arrangement, movement, and spacing — and apply the model to explain density, compressibility, and the anomalous expansion of water

Matter Cycling in Ecosystems: Develop a model to describe the movement of matter among plants, animals, decomposers, and the environment in an ecosystem

Photosynthesis: Explain photosynthesis as the process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, and describe how mineral nutrients are absorbed through roots
Plants Grow from Air & Water: Support an argument that plants get the materials they need for growth chiefly from air and water, not from the soil

Communities Protecting Resources: Obtain and combine information about ways individual communities use science ideas to protect the Earth's resources and environment

Salt Water vs Fresh Water: Describe and graph the amounts of salt water and fresh water in various reservoirs to provide evidence about the distribution of water on Earth
The Water Cycle: Describe the water cycle, tracing water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, and transpiration in plants, explaining how the sun drives the cycle

Earth's rotation and day/night: Use the idea of the Earth's rotation to explain day and night and the apparent movement of the sun across the sky
Shadows: Represent data in graphical displays to reveal patterns of daily changes in shadow length and direction, day and night cycles, and seasonal star patterns
Star Brightness & Distance: Support an argument that the apparent brightness of the sun and stars is due to their relative distances from Earth, understanding the sun is a relatively close star
The Sun is a star: Know that the Sun is a star — the closest star to Earth — and that it is at the centre of our solar system, with all eight planets orbiting around it
Why the Sun Looks Brightest: Explain why the Sun appears much brighter than other stars: it is the nearest star to Earth, not the biggest or brightest star in the universe — understanding the difference between apparent brightness (how bright something looks) and actual brightness

Drawing conclusions from evidence (age 9+): Report and present findings including conclusions, causal relationships, explanations, and a degree of trust in results using oral and written forms
Evidence Supporting Ideas: Identify scientific evidence that has been used to support or refute ideas or arguments, evaluating the strength of evidence