How to learn Kindergarten: English language arts
Minnesota academic standards: English language arts, Kindergarten
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1. Kindergarten · Thoughtfully and safely access, analyze, and create written, oral and digital content applicable to task, purpose, audience and discipline.
- Sharing and Publishing Your Writing: Read own writing aloud clearly enough to be heard by peers and the teacher; use digital tools to produce and publish writing
2. Kindergarten · Communicate with others, applying knowledge of vocabulary, language, structure and features of spoken language, considering audience and context.
- Listening and responding: Listen and respond appropriately to adults and peers; follow agreed-upon rules for discussion such as listening to others and taking turns speaking
3. Kindergarten · Exchange ideas in discussion and collaboration, as listener, speaker and participant, A) including the voices and perspectives of Dakota and Anishinaabe people as well other perspective
- Listening to Texts Read Aloud: Listen to and discuss poems, stories, and non-fiction at a level beyond independent reading; confirm understanding of texts read aloud by asking and answering questions about key details
4. Kindergarten · Engage in inquiry-based learning and research processes to create texts and presentations for a variety of purposes and audiences.
- Shared Research Projects: Participate in shared research and writing projects; recall information from experiences or gather information from sources to answer a question
5. Kindergarten · Write narratives, poetry and other creative texts with details and effective technique to express ideas.
- Simple Stories with Beginning and Ending: Write simple narratives by sequencing sentences to describe events in order; narrate a single event or linked events with a beginning, middle, and ending or reaction
- Narrative Writing: Write narratives with developed settings, characters and plot, using dialogue and description to develop experiences and show character responses to situations
6. Kindergarten · Write informative or explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through use of informational and literary text, considering audience.
- Basic Informational Writing: Compose informative or explanatory texts that introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding statement or section
7. Kindergarten · Write arguments to support claims and to persuade in an analysis of topics or texts, using valid reasoning and evidence while considering audience.
- Expressing & Justifying Opinions: Articulate and justify answers, arguments, and opinions; participate in discussions, presentations, performances, role play, and debates
8. Kindergarten · Develop and strengthen writing by using a writing process including planning, drafting, revising, editing and publishing.
- Writing Process Vocabulary: Know and use the vocabulary of the writing process — compose, plan, draft, revise, edit, proofread, genre, audience, purpose, narrative, recount, instruction, paragraph, sequence, and detail — and understand that these words describe distinct steps and decisions that all writers make, not just tasks to tick off
9. Kindergarten · Demonstrate knowledge of oral language, orthography, grammar and mechanics to express ideas in writing.
- Building sentences: Understand that words combine to make sentences — a sentence expresses a complete thought; produce and expand complete sentences in speech and writing
- Forming Capital Letters: Form capital letters correctly; print many upper- and lowercase letters legibly
10. Kindergarten · Examine the impact of vocabulary, including words and phrases, on content, style and meaning of complex literary and informational texts.
- Discussing and Questioning New Words: Ask and answer questions about unknown words in texts; discuss word meanings and link new vocabulary to words already known
11. Kindergarten · Analyze influences on content, meaning and style of text including fact and fiction, time period, and author perspective and identity, including Dakota and Anishinaabe perspective, in c
- Different Types of Texts: Recognise common types of texts (storybooks, poems, non-fiction); name the author and illustrator and define the role of each in telling or presenting a text
12. Kindergarten · Apply knowledge of text structure to understand and evaluate a wide variety of complex literary and informational texts.
- Pictures and Text Working Together: Describe the relationship between illustrations and the text in which they appear; use pictures to support and extend comprehension
- Non-Fiction Text Features: Recognise different non-fiction text structures and features (headings, contents, glossary, index), understanding how texts are organised to present information
13. Kindergarten · Read critically to comprehend, interpret and analyze themes and central ideas in complex literary and informational texts.
- Main Topic of Informational Texts: Identify the main topic and retell key details of informational texts; describe connections between individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information
- Reading between the lines: Ask and answer questions about key details in literary and informational texts; make simple inferences based on what characters say and do
- Main Topic & Key Details: Identify the main topic of a multi-paragraph informational text, determine the focus of specific paragraphs, and explain how key details support the main idea
14. Kindergarten · Read and comprehend independently A) both self-selected and teacher-directed texts, B) complex literary and informational texts, and C) from multiple sources representing perspectives a
- Connecting reading to experience: Link what is read or heard to own experiences; draw on background knowledge and vocabulary to support understanding of texts
15. Kindergarten · Demonstrate knowledge of oral language, phonological and phonemic awareness, phonics and morphology to read accurately and fluently.
- Blending Sounds to Read Words: Apply phonic knowledge to blend sounds in unfamiliar words containing taught grapheme-phoneme correspondences; respond speedily to graphemes for all 40+ phonemes
- Reading fluently: Read aloud books matched to phonic ability accurately and with growing fluency; reread familiar texts to build confidence, speed, and expression
- Understanding print: Demonstrate understanding that print carries meaning, follows left-to-right top-to-bottom directionality, and is organised page by page in books