How to learn Kindergarten: Mathematics

North Carolina academic standards: Mathematics, Kindergarten

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1. Geometry

1. 2-D shapes: Recognise and name common 2-D shapes (circles, triangles, rectangles including squares)
2. Combining Simple Shapes: Compose simple shapes to form larger shapes (e.g. two triangles make a rectangle)
3. 3-D shapes: Recognise and name common 3-D shapes (cubes, cuboids, pyramids, spheres, cylinders, cones)
4. 3-D shapes (age 5+): Analyse and compare 2-D and 3-D shapes using informal language to describe sides, vertices, and other attributes
5. Building & Drawing Shapes: Model shapes by building from components (e.g. sticks and clay balls) and by drawing
6. Positional Language: Describe the position of objects using terms such as above, below, beside, in front of, behind, next to

2. Measurement and Data

1. Sorting into categories: Classify objects into given categories, count the number in each category, and sort the categories by count
2. Measurable Attributes of Objects: Describe and identify measurable attributes of objects such as length, height, weight, and capacity; use comparative language (longer, shorter, heavier, lighter, more, less)

3. Number and Operations in Base Ten

1. Numbers up to 10 into pairs: Decompose numbers up to 10 into pairs in more than one way (part-part-whole)

4. Operations and Algebraic Thinking

1. Fluent adding and subtracting within 5: Fluently add and subtract within 5
2. Number bonds to 9: Find the number that makes 10 when added to a given number from 1 to 9 (number bonds to 10)
3. Representing Addition and Subtraction: Represent addition and subtraction using objects, drawings, and mental images
4. Addition and subtraction word problems: Solve addition and subtraction word problems within 10 using objects or drawings

5. Counting and Cardinality

1. Two written numerals between 1 and 10: Compare two written numerals between 1 and 10 to determine which is greater or less
2. Comparing groups: more or fewer: Compare two groups of objects to determine which has more, fewer, or whether they are equal, using matching and counting strategies
3. One-to-one counting: One-to-one correspondence when counting objects: each object is paired with exactly one number name
4. How Many in Total?: Cardinality principle: the last number said when counting a set tells how many objects are in the set, regardless of arrangement or order counted
5. Counting objects to 20: Count a set of objects to answer 'how many?' for sets up to 20 (arranged in lines, arrays, circles, or scattered)
6. Reading and writing numbers to 20: Read and write numerals from 0 to 20
7. Rote counting to 100: Rote count forwards and backwards from 0 to 100, beginning from 0, 1, or any given number, by ones
8. Counting in 2s: Count in multiples of 2, 5, and 10 (skip counting)
9. Counting forwards and backwards: Count forwards and backwards in steps of 3 from 0