How to learn Grade 4: Science

North Carolina academic standards: Science, Grade 4

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1. Earth and Human Activity · Understand changes caused by human impact on the environment.

1. Human impact on environments: Use vocabulary for human impact on the environment — pollution, habitat destruction, deforestation, biodiversity, conservation, renewable energy, non-renewable energy, fossil fuel, carbon footprint, sustainability, endangered, extinct — and apply these when discussing environmental issues and human choices
2. Changing Environments: Recognise that environments can change and that this can sometimes pose dangers and challenges to living things

2. Earth’s Systems · Understand patterns of change in the Earth's surface over time.

1. Types of rocks: Use vocabulary for Earth's geological processes and rock types — igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, erosion, weathering, deposition, fossil, sediment, strata, permeable, impermeable — and apply these when explaining how rocks form and how landscapes change over time
2. Finding patterns in data: Analyse and interpret data from maps to describe patterns of Earth's features, recognising that many features result from processes that occur over long periods
3. The Rock Cycle: Understand the rock cycle: rocks slowly change from one type to another over millions of years — igneous rock weathers into sediment, sediment becomes sedimentary rock, heat and pressure create metamorphic rock, and melting starts the cycle again

3. Earth’s Place in the Universe · Understand the causes of day and night and phases of the moon.

1. The Moon's Orbit: Know that the Moon orbits Earth approximately once a month, that it does not make its own light but reflects sunlight, and that its changing appearance (phases) is caused by how much of the sunlit side we can see from Earth
2. Earth's rotation and day/night: Use the idea of the Earth's rotation to explain day and night and the apparent movement of the sun across the sky

4. From Molecules to Organisms- Structures and Processes · Understand the use of fossils as evidence of the history of Earth and its changing life forms.

1. Fossils as Evidence: Analyse and interpret data from fossils to provide evidence of organisms and environments that existed long ago

5. From Molecules to Organisms- Structures and Processes · Understand the effects of environmental changes, adaptations, and behaviors that enable organisms to survive in changing habitats.

1. How animals adapt to environments: Identify how animals and plants are adapted to suit their environment and understand that adaptation may lead to evolution over time
2. Structures for Survival: Construct an argument that plants and animals have internal and external structures that function to support survival, growth, behaviour, and reproduction

6. Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer · Understand the nature of light and how light interacts with objects.

1. Waves & Different Materials: Explain how waves can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected by different materials, and apply these interactions to explain colour perception, sight, communication technologies, and the effects of different surfaces on wave behaviour
2. How We See Objects: Develop a model to describe that light reflecting from objects and entering the eye allows objects to be seen

7. Energy · Understand that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

1. How energy travels around: Observe and provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents

8. Motion and Stability- Forces and Interactions · Understand how various forces affect the motion of an object.

1. Balanced & Unbalanced Forces: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object
2. Contact & Non-Contact Forces: Notice that some forces need contact between two objects (contact forces) while magnetic forces can act at a distance (non-contact forces)