How to learn Grade 2: English language arts

New Jersey academic standards: English language arts, Grade 2

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1. Speaking and Listening Domain · Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 2 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups.

1. Listening and responding: Listen and respond appropriately to adults and peers; follow agreed-upon rules for discussion such as listening to others and taking turns speaking
2. Group discussions: Participate actively in collaborative conversations staying on topic; continue a conversation through multiple exchanges; maintain attention in discussions

2. Writing Domain · With guidance and support from adults and peers, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising and editing.

1. Revising and editing (age 8+): Read back your own writing critically and independently — notice where meaning is unclear, where a word could be stronger, or where the reader might be confused; make revisions without needing teacher prompts, using your own judgment about what is and isn't working

3. Writing Domain · Write narratives based on real or imagined experiences or events with basic story elements.

1. Narrative Writing: Write narratives with developed settings, characters and plot, using dialogue and description to develop experiences and show character responses to situations

4. Writing Domain · Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information.

1. Writing to inform: Compose informative or explanatory texts using drawing, dictating, or writing that name a topic and supply some information about it
2. Basic Informational Writing: Compose informative or explanatory texts that introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding statement or section

5. Writing Domain · With prompts and support, write opinion pieces to present an idea with reasons or information.

1. Writing opinions: Compose opinion pieces using drawing, dictating, or writing that name a topic or book and state a preference or opinion about it
2. Structured Opinion Writing: Compose opinion pieces that introduce a topic, state a clear point of view, provide organised reasons linked with connecting words, and include a concluding statement or section

6. Language Domain · Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

1. Shades of Meaning: Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs describing similar actions and among adjectives differing in intensity; make real-life connections between words and their use
2. Domain Vocabulary Across Subject Areas: Acquire and use accurately academic and domain-specific vocabulary relevant to grade-level topics, including words that signal precise meaning in informational texts across subject areas

7. Language Domain · Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.

1. Discussing and Questioning New Words: Ask and answer questions about unknown words in texts; discuss word meanings and link new vocabulary to words already known

8. Language Domain · Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

1. Formal and Informal English: Recognise and compare formal and informal uses of English, understanding that language choices vary based on audience, purpose and context
2. Using New Vocabulary: Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, being read to, and responding to texts in own speech and writing

9. Language Domain · Demonstrate command of the conventions of encoding and spelling.

1. Prepositions: Understand and use the most frequently occurring prepositions of location and direction (e.g. to, from, in, out, on, off, for, by, with)
2. Suffixes: Apply suffix spelling rules that require changes to the root word: dropping final -e before vowel suffixes, changing -y to -i, doubling final consonants in short-vowel words; use suffixes -ment, -ness, -ful, -less, -ly
3. Grammar Terms: Clauses and Conjunctions: Use and understand Year 3 grammatical terminology accurately when discussing reading and writing: preposition, conjunction, word family, prefix, clause, subordinate clause, direct speech, consonant letter, vowel letter, inverted commas/speech marks
4. Consonant Digraphs: Read and spell words containing consonant digraphs and less common consonant spellings (ch, sh, th, ck, tch, ng, ph, wh, k for /k/)

10. Language Domain · Demonstrate command of the conventions of writing.

1. Vowel Digraphs: Read and spell words containing common vowel digraphs (ai, ay, ee, ea, oa, oe, oo, oi, oy) including where a digraph can represent more than one sound
2. Writing for an audience: Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development and organisation are appropriate to the task, purpose, and audience, maintaining a consistent style and structure throughout

11. Language Domain · Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.

1. Reading fluently: Read aloud books matched to phonic ability accurately and with growing fluency; reread familiar texts to build confidence, speed, and expression
2. Reading with Expression and Accuracy: Read aloud with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression (prosody), re-reading familiar texts to build fluency and confidence, and using context to self-correct

12. Language Domain · Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

1. Prefixes and suffixes: Read words containing common prefixes and suffixes from the Y3-4 programme, applying knowledge of root words, prefixes and suffixes (morphology and etymology) to read aloud and understand new words
2. Syllables (age 6+): Decode words of two or more syllables by breaking them into syllable chunks, applying knowledge that every syllable must contain a vowel sound, and blending the parts together