How to learn Grade 2: English language arts

Pennsylvania academic standards: English language arts, Grade 2

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1. Speaking and Listening: Students present appropriately in formal speaking situations, listen critically, and respond intelligently as individuals or in group discussions.

1. Listening and responding: Listen and respond appropriately to adults and peers; follow agreed-upon rules for discussion such as listening to others and taking turns speaking
2. Engaging Listeners and Valuing Viewpoints: Gain, maintain and monitor the interest of listeners when speaking; consider and evaluate different viewpoints, attending to and building on others' contributions; begin to select appropriate language for different situations
3. Reporting & Recounting: Report on a topic or recount an experience with organised facts and descriptive details, speaking clearly at an understandable pace

2. Writing: Students write for different purposes and audiences. Students write clear and focused text to convey a well-defined perspective and appropriate content.

1. Building Writing Stamina: Write about real events and for different purposes, developing stamina for sustained writing across genres beyond narrative (e.g., recounts, letters, instructions)
2. Why the author wrote it: Distinguish one's own point of view from that of the author of an informational text and identify the author's purpose
3. Sharing and Publishing Your Writing: Read own writing aloud clearly enough to be heard by peers and the teacher; use digital tools to produce and publish writing
4. Revising and editing: Proof-read own writing to check for errors in spelling, grammar, and punctuation; evaluate and revise writing with teacher/peer support, re-reading to ensure meaning is clear and tense is consistent
5. Writing for an audience: Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development and organisation are appropriate to the task, purpose, and audience, maintaining a consistent style and structure throughout
6. Narrative Writing: Write narratives with developed settings, characters and plot, using dialogue and description to develop experiences and show character responses to situations
7. Writing to inform: Compose informative or explanatory texts using drawing, dictating, or writing that name a topic and supply some information about it
8. Basic Informational Writing: Compose informative or explanatory texts that introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding statement or section

3. Reading Literature: Students read and respond to works of literature—with emphasis on comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and making connections among ideas and between texts with focus on textual

1. Listening to Texts Read Aloud: Listen to and discuss poems, stories, and non-fiction at a level beyond independent reading; confirm understanding of texts read aloud by asking and answering questions about key details
2. Connecting reading to experience: Link what is read or heard to own experiences; draw on background knowledge and vocabulary to support understanding of texts
3. Reading between the lines: Ask and answer questions about key details in literary and informational texts; make simple inferences based on what characters say and do
4. Pictures and Text Working Together: Describe the relationship between illustrations and the text in which they appear; use pictures to support and extend comprehension
5. Retelling Stories with Structure: Retell stories including key details in sequence, describe characters, settings, and major events using evidence from the text, and describe the overall structure of a story (beginning, middle, ending)

4. Reading Informational Text: Students read, understand, and respond to informational text—with an emphasis on comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and making connections among ideas and between texts

1. Main Topic of Informational Texts: Identify the main topic and retell key details of informational texts; describe connections between individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information
2. Interpreting visual information in texts: Interpret information presented visually, orally, or quantitatively in informational texts (e.g., charts, graphs, diagrams, timelines, animations) and explain how it contributes to understanding the text
3. Main Topic & Key Details: Identify the main topic of a multi-paragraph informational text, determine the focus of specific paragraphs, and explain how key details support the main idea

5. Foundational Skills: Students gain a working knowledge of concepts of print, alphabetic principle, and other basic conventions.

1. Blending Sounds to Read Words: Apply phonic knowledge to blend sounds in unfamiliar words containing taught grapheme-phoneme correspondences; respond speedily to graphemes for all 40+ phonemes
2. Reading fluently: Read aloud books matched to phonic ability accurately and with growing fluency; reread familiar texts to build confidence, speed, and expression