# Grade 4: English language arts A course roadmap (english-language-arts). Language: en. By @si. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. 0 of 45 concepts ready. In the app: https://ai.page/roadmap/pa-ela-grade-4 Part of: [Pennsylvania: English language arts](https://ai.page/roadmap/pa-ela.md) Goal: Pennsylvania academic standards: English language arts, Grade 4 ## 1. Speaking and Listening: Students present appropriately in formal speaking situations, listen critically, and respond intelligently as individuals or in group discussions. - [Listening and responding](https://ai.page/c/listening-and-responding/index.md): Listen and respond appropriately to adults and peers; follow agreed-upon rules for discussion such as listening to others and taking turns speaking - [Multimedia Presentations](https://ai.page/c/multimedia-presentations/index.md): Include multimedia components and visual displays in presentations when appropriate to enhance the development of main ideas or themes - [Adapting Speech to Context](https://ai.page/c/adapting-speech-to-context/index.md): Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, using formal English when appropriate to task and situation while adjusting tone, vocabulary, and style for different audiences - [Reporting & Recounting](https://ai.page/c/reporting-and-recounting/index.md): Report on a topic or recount an experience with organised facts and descriptive details, speaking clearly at an understandable pace - [Identifying Reasons Behind a Speaker's Points](https://ai.page/c/identifying-reasons-behind-a-speaker-s-points/index.md): Identify the reasons and evidence a speaker provides to support particular points, evaluating whether the reasoning is logical and the evidence is relevant - [Evaluating a Speaker's Argument](https://ai.page/c/evaluating-a-speaker-s-argument/index.md): Summarise the points a speaker makes and explain how each claim is supported by reasons and evidence, evaluating the logic and relevance of the support - [Paraphrasing What You Hear](https://ai.page/c/paraphrasing-what-you-hear/index.md): Paraphrase portions of a text read aloud or information presented in diverse media and formats, capturing the key ideas accurately in one's own words - [Summarising Spoken and Media Presentations](https://ai.page/c/summarising-spoken-and-media-presentations/index.md): Summarise a written text read aloud or information presented in diverse media and formats including visually, quantitatively, and orally ## 2. Writing: Students write for different purposes and audiences. Students write clear and focused text to convey a well-defined perspective and appropriate content. - [Writing for an audience](https://ai.page/c/writing-for-an-audience/index.md): Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development and organisation are appropriate to the task, purpose, and audience, maintaining a consistent style and structure throughout - [Sharing and Publishing Your Writing](https://ai.page/c/sharing-and-publishing-your-writing/index.md): Read own writing aloud clearly enough to be heard by peers and the teacher; use digital tools to produce and publish writing - [Short Research Projects](https://ai.page/c/short-research-projects/index.md): Conduct short research projects that build knowledge about a topic, gather information from print and digital sources, and take brief organised notes - [Literary Evidence in Writing](https://ai.page/c/literary-evidence-in-writing/index.md): Draw evidence from literary texts to support analysis, reflection, and research in writing, applying grade-level reading standards to literature - [Why the author wrote it](https://ai.page/c/why-the-author-wrote-it/index.md): Distinguish one's own point of view from that of the author of an informational text and identify the author's purpose - [Evidence-Based Writing](https://ai.page/c/evidence-based-writing/index.md): Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research in writing, applying grade-level reading standards to non-fiction - [Narrative Writing](https://ai.page/c/narrative-writing/index.md): Write narratives with developed settings, characters and plot, using dialogue and description to develop experiences and show character responses to situations - [Basic Informational Writing](https://ai.page/c/basic-informational-writing/index.md): Compose informative or explanatory texts that introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding statement or section ## 3. Reading Literature: Students read and respond to works of literature—with emphasis on comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and making connections among ideas and between texts with focus on textual - [Listening to Texts Read Aloud](https://ai.page/c/listening-to-texts-read-aloud/index.md): Listen to and discuss poems, stories, and non-fiction at a level beyond independent reading; confirm understanding of texts read aloud by asking and answering questions about key details - [Reading between the lines](https://ai.page/c/reading-between-the-lines/index.md): Ask and answer questions about key details in literary and informational texts; make simple inferences based on what characters say and do - [Comparing Books](https://ai.page/c/comparing-books/index.md): Make comparisons within and across books, identifying similarities and differences in themes, characters, settings, and authorial choices across multiple texts - [Text & Media Connections](https://ai.page/c/text-and-media-connections/index.md): Make connections between the text of a story or drama and a visual or oral presentation of the text, identifying where each version reflects specific descriptions and directions from the text - [Poems, Drama & Prose](https://ai.page/c/poems-drama-and-prose/index.md): Explain major differences between poems, drama, and prose, identifying structural elements unique to each form: verse, rhythm, and meter in poetry; cast of characters, dialogue, and stage directions in drama; chapters and paragraphs in prose - [Combining information from texts](https://ai.page/c/combining-information-from-texts/index.md): Integrate information from two texts on the same topic in order to write or speak about the subject knowledgeably, combining and comparing what each source contributes ## 4. Reading Informational Text: Students read, understand, and respond to informational text—with an emphasis on comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and making connections among ideas and between texts - [Interpreting visual information in texts](https://ai.page/c/interpreting-visual-information-in-texts/index.md): Interpret information presented visually, orally, or quantitatively in informational texts (e.g., charts, graphs, diagrams, timelines, animations) and explain how it contributes to understanding the text - [Main Topic of Informational Texts](https://ai.page/c/main-topic-of-informational-texts/index.md): Identify the main topic and retell key details of informational texts; describe connections between individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information - [Main Topic & Key Details](https://ai.page/c/main-topic-and-key-details/index.md): Identify the main topic of a multi-paragraph informational text, determine the focus of specific paragraphs, and explain how key details support the main idea - [How authors support their points](https://ai.page/c/how-authors-support-their-points/index.md): Explain how an author of an informational text uses reasons and evidence to support particular points, evaluating whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient - [Structure of information texts](https://ai.page/c/structure-of-information-texts/index.md): Describe the overall structure of an informational text (chronology, comparison, cause/effect, problem/solution) and explain how the author's chosen structure helps convey information and ideas - [Comparing Structure in Information Texts](https://ai.page/c/comparing-structure-in-information-texts/index.md): Compare and contrast the overall structure of events, ideas, concepts, or information in two or more informational texts, identifying patterns such as chronology, comparison, cause/effect, or problem/solution - [Explaining Events & Ideas](https://ai.page/c/explaining-events-and-ideas/index.md): Explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts in an informational text, including what happened and why, by citing specific textual evidence about causes, effects, and steps in a process ## 5. Foundational Skills: Students gain a working knowledge of concepts of print, alphabetic principle, and other basic conventions. - [Reading with Expression and Accuracy](https://ai.page/c/reading-with-expression-and-accuracy/index.md): Read aloud with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression (prosody), re-reading familiar texts to build fluency and confidence, and using context to self-correct - [Decoding unfamiliar words](https://ai.page/c/decoding-unfamiliar-words/index.md): Read Y3-4 exception words with unusual spelling-sound correspondences, applying growing knowledge of morphology and etymology to decode unfamiliar exception words ## 6. E04.D.1 Conventions of Standard English · E04.D.2.1 Use knowledge of language and conventions. - [Using New Vocabulary](https://ai.page/c/using-new-vocabulary/index.md): Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, being read to, and responding to texts in own speech and writing - [Antonyms & Synonyms](https://ai.page/c/antonyms-and-synonyms/index.md): Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their antonyms (opposites) and synonyms (words with similar meanings), using synonym and antonym relationships to refine vocabulary and improve precision in writing ## 7. E04.D.1 Conventions of Standard English · E04.D.1.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling. - [Bullet Point Punctuation](https://ai.page/c/bullet-point-punctuation/index.md): Punctuate bullet points consistently to list information clearly, applying conventions for capitalisation, end punctuation, and parallel structure across items - [Commas Before Joining Words](https://ai.page/c/commas-before-joining-words/index.md): Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, so, yet) when joining two independent clauses in a compound sentence - [Starting and Ending Sentences](https://ai.page/c/starting-and-ending-sentences/index.md): Begin sentences with a capital letter and end them with the appropriate mark (full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark); recognise and name end punctuation - [Punctuating Direct Speech](https://ai.page/c/punctuating-direct-speech/index.md): Punctuate direct speech using inverted commas (speech marks), understanding that direct speech records the exact words spoken and must be enclosed in punctuation marks ## 8. E04.D.1 Conventions of Standard English · E04.D.1.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usag - [Adjective Order in Sentences](https://ai.page/c/adjective-order-in-sentences/index.md): Order adjectives within sentences according to conventional English patterns (opinion-size-age-shape-colour-origin-material-purpose) to produce natural-sounding descriptions - [Modal Verbs and Possibility](https://ai.page/c/modal-verbs-and-possibility/index.md): Understand and use modal verbs (can, may, must, might, shall, will, could, should, would) and modal adverbs (perhaps, surely, certainly) to indicate degrees of possibility, necessity, and permission - [Progressive and Continuous Tenses](https://ai.page/c/progressive-and-continuous-tenses/index.md): Form and use the progressive (continuous) verb tenses — past progressive (was walking), present progressive (am walking), and future progressive (will be walking) — to convey ongoing actions at different times - [Relative Clauses](https://ai.page/c/relative-clauses/index.md): Form and use relative clauses beginning with relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) to add detail, qualify nouns, and create complex sentences ## 9. E04.B.K Informational Text · E04.B-V.4.1 Demonstrate understanding of vocabulary and figurative language in informational texts - [Advanced Figurative Language](https://ai.page/c/advanced-figurative-language/index.md): Understand and interpret figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meaning — including allusion, irony, pun, oxymoron, and extended metaphor — and distinguish between connotation and denotation when analysing or choosing words ## 10. E04.A-K Literature Text · E04.A-K.1.1 Demonstrate understanding of key ideas and details in literature. - [In-Depth Character and Setting Analysis](https://ai.page/c/in-depth-character-and-setting-analysis/index.md): Describe in depth a character, setting, or event in a story or drama, drawing on specific details from the text such as a character's thoughts, words, actions, and interactions - [Finding Theme and Summarising](https://ai.page/c/finding-theme-and-summarising/index.md): Determine the theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text, and provide an objective summary that captures the key events without personal opinions - [Quoting Accurately from Texts](https://ai.page/c/quoting-accurately-from-texts/index.md): Quote accurately from literary and informational texts when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences, using quotation marks and citations correctly ## Health: 0 of 100 Of its 45 own concepts: 0 have an explanation, 0 have practice, 0 have a measurement question, 0 have a checked version. Findings (each is a task for anyone's AI): - Listening and responding has no explanation yet - Multimedia Presentations has no explanation yet - Adapting Speech to Context has no explanation yet - Reporting & Recounting has no explanation yet - Identifying Reasons Behind a Speaker's Points has no explanation yet - Evaluating a Speaker's Argument has no explanation yet - Paraphrasing What You Hear has no explanation yet - Summarising Spoken and Media Presentations has no explanation yet - Writing for an audience has no explanation yet - Sharing and Publishing Your Writing has no explanation yet - Short Research Projects has no explanation yet - Literary Evidence in Writing has no explanation yet - Why the author wrote it has no explanation yet - Evidence-Based Writing comes before Main Topic & Key Details, which it needs - Evidence-Based Writing has no explanation yet - Narrative Writing has no explanation yet - Basic Informational Writing has no explanation yet - Listening to Texts Read Aloud has no explanation yet - Reading between the lines has no explanation yet - Comparing Books has no explanation yet - Text & Media Connections has no explanation yet - Poems, Drama & Prose has no explanation yet - Combining information from texts has no explanation yet - Interpreting visual information in texts has no explanation yet - Main Topic of Informational Texts has no explanation yet - Main Topic & Key Details has no explanation yet - How authors support their points has no explanation yet - Structure of information texts has no explanation yet - Comparing Structure in Information Texts has no explanation yet - Explaining Events & Ideas has no explanation yet - Reading with Expression and Accuracy has no explanation yet - Decoding unfamiliar words has no explanation yet - Using New Vocabulary has no explanation yet - Antonyms & Synonyms has no explanation yet - Bullet Point Punctuation has no explanation yet - Commas Before Joining Words has no explanation yet - Starting and Ending Sentences has no explanation yet - Punctuating Direct Speech has no explanation yet - Adjective Order in Sentences has no explanation yet - Modal Verbs and Possibility has no explanation yet - Progressive and Continuous Tenses has no explanation yet - Relative Clauses has no explanation yet - Advanced Figurative Language has no explanation yet - In-Depth Character and Setting Analysis has no explanation yet - Finding Theme and Summarising has no explanation yet - Quoting Accurately from Texts has no explanation yet Credit: The structure of Pennsylvania academic standards: English language arts (http://static.pdesas.org/content/documents/PA%20Core%20Standards%20ELA%20PreK-5%20March%202014.pdf); concepts from the Marble Skill Taxonomy (v1), © Generative Spark, Inc. (withmarble.com), text CC BY-SA 4.0, database ODbL 1.0: https://github.com/withmarbleapp/os-taxonomy, mapped to its standards by Marble.