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How to learn Kindergarten: Mathematics

South Carolina academic standards: Mathematics, Kindergarten

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1. Patterns, Algebra, and Functional Reasoning · Recognize, describe, extend, and create patterns.

  1. Patterns & Sequences: Order and arrange combinations of mathematical objects in patterns and sequences

2. Patterns, Algebra, and Functional Reasoning · Develop an understanding of the relationship between addition and subtraction to solve problems.

  1. Representing Addition and Subtraction: Represent addition and subtraction using objects, drawings, and mental images
  2. Addition and subtraction word problems: Solve addition and subtraction word problems within 10 using objects or drawings
  3. Finding a missing number in addition: Understand subtraction as finding an unknown addend (e.g. 10 − 8 = ? is the same as 8 + ? = 10)
  4. Numbers up to 10 into pairs: Decompose numbers up to 10 into pairs in more than one way (part-part-whole)

3. Numerical Reasoning · Demonstrate the ability to compare quantities of objects and numerals representing quantities of objects.

  1. Comparing groups: more or fewer: Compare two groups of objects to determine which has more, fewer, or whether they are equal, using matching and counting strategies

4. Numerical Reasoning · Demonstrate and explain the relationship between numbers and quantities.Count forward by ones and tens to 100 and backward from 10 by ones.

  1. Counting objects to 20: Count a set of objects to answer 'how many?' for sets up to 20 (arranged in lines, arrays, circles, or scattered)
  2. Counting forwards and backwards (age 6+): Count forwards and backwards in tens from any number (not just multiples of 10)

5. Numerical Reasoning · Represent multi-digit numbers in a variety of ways to build the foundation for place value understanding.

  1. Reading and writing numbers to 20: Read and write numerals from 0 to 20
  2. The teen numbers: Understand that the teen numbers (11–19) are composed of ten ones and some further ones (early place value)
  3. Representing Numbers: Identify, represent, and estimate numbers using different representations including the number line

6. Measurement, Geometry, and Spatial Reasoning · Analyze, describe, and manipulate shapes to make sense of their relationships in mathematical and real-world situations.

  1. Positional Language: Describe the position of objects using terms such as above, below, beside, in front of, behind, next to
  2. 2-D shapes: Recognise and name common 2-D shapes (circles, triangles, rectangles including squares)

7. Measurement, Geometry, and Spatial Reasoning · Describe and compare objects in real-world situations using units of length, weight, money, and time.

  1. Measurable Attributes of Objects: Describe and identify measurable attributes of objects such as length, height, weight, and capacity; use comparative language (longer, shorter, heavier, lighter, more, less)
  2. Comparing Lengths & Heights: Compare two objects directly by length or height and describe the difference using language such as long, short, tall, longer, shorter, taller, double, half

8. Data, Probability, and Statistical Reasoning · Collect and organize data and communicate through multiple representations.Sort pictures or objects into at least two categories. Count to determine how

  1. Sorting Data into Categories: Organise and represent data with up to three categories by counting objects in each category and sorting categories by quantity

9. Mathematical Process Standards · Structure & Patterns

  1. Generalising Patterns: Recognise and use repeated reasoning to generalise: spot calculation patterns, describe rules for sequences, and predict results using known mathematical facts

10. Mathematical Process Standards · Analyze & Justify

  1. Explaining Mathematical Reasoning: With teacher prompting, explain and justify mathematical reasoning using drawings, number sentences, or words

11. Mathematical Process Standards · Connections

  1. Real-World to Maths Connections: Move between a real-world situation and a mathematical representation using concrete objects, drawings, diagrams, tables, number sentences, or bar models

12. Mathematical Process Standards · Representation & Communication

  1. Precise Maths Communication: Communicate with mathematical precision: use correct vocabulary, specify units, and use symbols accurately

13. Mathematical Process Standards · Problem Solving

  1. Making Sense of Problems: Make sense of a problem by identifying what is being asked, choosing concrete objects or pictures to represent the situation, and explaining a pathway to the solution