How to learn Grade 5: Science

Tennessee academic standards: Science, Grade 5

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1. Links Among Engineering, Technology, Science, and Society

Building an energy-converting device: Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another

Fair testing (age 8+): Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved

How fossils form: Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time
Seasonal Constellations: Recognise named constellations visible in different seasons and understand why we see different constellations at different times of year — because Earth’s orbit around the Sun changes which part of the sky we face at night
Why We Have Seasons: Explain that the seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis during its orbit around the Sun, distinguishing this from the common misconception that seasons are caused by changing distance from the Sun
The solar system: Describe the sun, Earth, and moon as approximately spherical bodies, and describe the movement of the Earth and other planets orbiting the sun in the solar system
The Vast Scale of Space: Describe the scale of the universe in nested layers: Earth is one planet in our solar system, the Sun is one star among billions in the Milky Way galaxy, and the Milky Way is one galaxy among billions in the universe
Star Brightness & Distance: Support an argument that the apparent brightness of the sun and stars is due to their relative distances from Earth, understanding the sun is a relatively close star

Variation & Survival Advantage: Use evidence to explain how variations in characteristics among individuals of the same species may provide advantages in surviving, finding mates, and reproducing
Fossils as Evidence: Analyse and interpret data from fossils to provide evidence of organisms and environments that existed long ago
Life Changed Over Time: Recognise that living things have changed over time and that fossils provide information about organisms that inhabited the Earth millions of years ago

Inheritance Vocabulary: Use vocabulary for variation and inheritance — inherited characteristic, acquired characteristic, variation, offspring, trait, species, breed, genetic, environment — and apply these when comparing organisms and explaining similarities and differences within and between species
Inherited characteristics: Analyse and interpret data to provide evidence that plants and animals have traits inherited from parents and that variation of these traits exists in a group of similar organisms
Traits: inherited and environmental: Use evidence to support the explanation that traits can be influenced by the environment as well as inheritance

Senses, Brain & Responses: Use a model to describe that animals receive information through their senses, process it in their brain, and respond in different ways

Resultant Forces: Describe forces as vector quantities with both magnitude and direction, distinguish between balanced forces (zero resultant, no change in motion) and unbalanced forces (non-zero resultant, causes acceleration or deceleration)
Gravity & Falling Objects: Explain that unsupported objects fall towards the Earth because of the force of gravity acting between the Earth and the falling object
Gravity Pulls Things Down: Understand gravity as a force that pulls objects towards the centre of the Earth, that 'down' means towards Earth’s centre regardless of where you stand on the sphere, and that gravity keeps the Moon orbiting Earth and planets orbiting the Sun
Balanced & Unbalanced Forces: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object
Predicting Motion Patterns: Make observations and measurements of an object's motion to provide evidence that a pattern can be used to predict future motion

Testing Materials for Uses: Give reasons, based on evidence from comparative and fair tests, for the particular uses of everyday materials including metals, wood, and plastic
Separating Mixtures: Use knowledge of solids, liquids, and gases to decide how mixtures might be separated through filtering, sieving, and evaporating
Conservation of Mass: Measure and provide evidence that the total weight of matter is conserved regardless of the type of change (heating, cooling, or mixing)
Matter Is Made of Particles: Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen, and that this explains properties of solids, liquids, and gases