How to learn Grade 2: Mathematics

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills: Mathematics, Grade 2

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1. Data analysis

Picture & Bar Graphs: Draw a picture graph and a bar graph (with single-unit scale) to represent a data set with up to four categories; solve put-together, take-apart, and compare problems using information presented in a bar graph

2. Geometry and measurement

Telling time to the minute (age 7+): Tell and write time from analogue and digital clocks to the nearest five minutes, using a.m., p.m., and 12-hour and 24-hour notation
Telling time to the minute (age 8+): Tell and write time to the nearest minute using analogue and digital clocks
Understanding Area: Understand that a unit square has one square unit of area and that the area of a plane figure is the number of unit squares that cover it without gaps or overlaps
Area (age 8+): Measure areas by counting unit squares (square cm, square m, square in, square ft)
Area by Tiling: Find the area of a rectangle by tiling it with unit squares and show that the result equals the product of the side lengths
Measuring length (age 7+): Measure the length of an object by selecting and using appropriate tools such as rulers, yardsticks, metre sticks, and measuring tapes
Estimating Lengths: Estimate lengths using units of inches, feet, centimetres, and metres
Numbers on a number line: Represent whole numbers as lengths on a number line and represent sums and differences within 100 on a number line diagram
Measuring with different units: Measure the length of an object using two different length units and describe how the measurements relate to the size of the unit chosen
Composing Shapes: Compose two-dimensional shapes (rectangles, squares, trapezoids, triangles, half-circles, quarter-circles) to create composite shapes, and compose new shapes from the composite shape
Halves & Quarters of Shapes: Partition circles and rectangles into two and four equal shares and describe them using the words halves, fourths, and quarters
Building with 3-D Shapes: Compose three-dimensional shapes (cubes, right rectangular prisms, right circular cones, right circular cylinders) and create composite shapes; build new shapes from component shapes
2-D shapes (age 6+): Identify and describe properties of 2-D shapes including the number of sides and line symmetry in a vertical line
Sorting 2-D and 3-D shapes: Compare and sort common 2-D and 3-D shapes and everyday objects by their properties
Measuring Perimeters: Measure the perimeter of simple 2-D shapes

3. Algebraic reasoning

Addition and subtraction word problems: Solve addition and subtraction word problems within 10 using objects or drawings
10 or 100 More or Less: Find 10 or 100 more or less than a given number up to 1000
Odd or Even: Determine whether a group of objects (up to 20) has an odd or even number of members

4. Number and operations

Multiplication as repeated addition (age 6+): Solve problems involving multiplication and division using arrays, repeated addition, mental methods, and known facts
Decimal & Percent Notation: Read, write, and use decimal and percentage notation correctly — decimal, decimal point, tenths, hundredths, thousandths, percentage, per cent, % symbol, convert, terminating decimal — and understand the relationships between fractions, decimals, and percentages as three ways of expressing the same value
Halves and quarters (age 7+): Solve word problems involving dollar bills, quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies, using $ and ¢ symbols appropriately
Two-Step Word Problems: Solve one- and two-step word problems within 100 using addition and subtraction, with unknowns in all positions
Place Value to 1000: Solve number problems and practical problems involving place value of numbers up to 1000
Adding numbers: Add up to four two-digit numbers using strategies based on place value and properties of operations
Fluent adding and subtracting within 20: Fluently add and subtract within 20 using mental strategies; know from memory all sums of two one-digit numbers
Two-step addition and subtraction problems: Solve addition and subtraction two-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why
Fraction Notation: Read, write, and use fraction notation correctly — fraction, numerator, denominator, unit fraction, non-unit fraction, proper fraction, improper fraction, mixed number, equivalent fraction, simplest form — and understand what each term describes, including the roles of the numerator and denominator in expressing parts of a whole
Fractions of a whole: Understand a fraction 1/b as the quantity formed by 1 part when a whole is partitioned into b equal parts; understand a/b as a parts of size 1/b
Ordering Numbers to 1000: Compare and order numbers up to 1000 using >, =, and < symbols, based on place-value understanding
Comparing Large Numbers: Order and compare numbers beyond 1000
Reading and writing numbers to 1000: Read and write numbers to 1000 in numerals, number names, and expanded form
Addition and subtraction within 1000: Add and subtract within 1000 using concrete models, drawings, and strategies based on place value; understand composing and decomposing tens and hundreds
Place Value Problem-Solving: Solve number and practical problems involving place value with increasingly large positive numbers

5. Mathematical process standards

Precise Maths Communication: Communicate with mathematical precision: use correct vocabulary, specify units, and use symbols accurately
Choosing mathematical tools: Select and use appropriate tools and representations strategically: choose between mental, written, and diagrammatic methods; use calculators for checking; select fraction models suited to the task
Connecting maths to real life: Represent real-world problems with number sentences, bar models, or diagrams, and interpret the mathematical result back in context
Working with money: Model real-world problems involving measurement, money, and time by choosing appropriate representations and interpreting results in context