How to learn Grade 8: Mathematics

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills: Mathematics, Grade 8

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1. Measurement and data

1. Experimental probability: Record, describe, and analyse the frequency of outcomes from probability experiments to develop an understanding of relative frequency as an estimate of probability
2. Comparing measurements: Describe, interpret, and compare distributions of a single variable using appropriate measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and spread (range), including the effect of outliers
3. Scatter Graphs & Correlation: Describe simple mathematical relationships between two variables using scatter graphs, identify positive, negative, or no correlation, and use a line of best fit to make predictions

2. Two-dimensional shapes

1. Coordinate Transformations: Identify properties of translations, rotations, and reflections; describe and perform these transformations on given figures, and understand that the image is congruent to the original

3. Expressions, equations, and relationships

1. Solving Linear Equations: Use algebraic methods to solve linear equations in one variable, including equations that require rearrangement, expanding brackets, and collecting terms on both sides; solve equations with rational number coefficients
2. Simultaneous Equations: Understand that two linear equations can be solved simultaneously by finding the point where their graphs intersect, and interpret this graphically and algebraically as the pair of values satisfying both equations
3. Angles with parallel lines: Understand and use the relationship between parallel lines cut by a transversal: corresponding angles, alternate interior angles, and co-interior (same-side interior) angles; use these to find unknown angles
4. Angles in triangles (age 11+): Derive and apply formulae for the area of triangles, parallelograms, and trapezia, and for the volume of cuboids and other prisms (including cylinders), connecting each formula to its geometric reasoning

4. Proportionality

1. Proportion Graphs: Represent proportional relationships using double number lines (two parallel number lines aligned at 0) and ratio tables; recognise that equivalent ratios generate straight lines through the origin when graphed
2. Ratio Notation and Relationships: Understand that a multiplicative relationship between two quantities can be expressed as a ratio; use ratio notation; simplify ratios
3. Proportion: Recognise and solve problems involving direct proportion (as one quantity increases, the other increases at a constant rate) and inverse proportion (as one increases, the other decreases), including graphical and algebraic representations

5. Number and operations

1. Powers of Ten Notation: Interpret and compare numbers in standard form A × 10ⁿ where 1 ≤ A < 10 and n is an integer; convert between ordinary numbers and standard form
2. Numbers on a number line: Understand inequalities as statements comparing expressions, represent solutions on a number line, and solve simple linear inequalities using the same inverse-operation methods as equations

6. Mathematical process standards

1. Algebraic Transformations: Model situations or procedures by translating them into algebraic expressions or formulae and by using graphs; move between word problems, algebraic representations, tables, and graphical representations