How to learn Kindergarten: Mathematics

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills: Mathematics, Kindergarten

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1. Data analysis

Sorting Data into Categories: Organise and represent data with up to three categories by counting objects in each category and sorting categories by quantity

Measurable Attributes of Objects: Describe and identify measurable attributes of objects such as length, height, weight, and capacity; use comparative language (longer, shorter, heavier, lighter, more, less)
Comparing lengths by measuring: Measure to determine how much longer one object is than another, expressing the length difference in terms of a standard length unit
2-D shapes: Recognise and name common 2-D shapes (circles, triangles, rectangles including squares)
Composing Shapes: Compose two-dimensional shapes (rectangles, squares, trapezoids, triangles, half-circles, quarter-circles) to create composite shapes, and compose new shapes from the composite shape
3-D shapes: Recognise and name common 3-D shapes (cubes, cuboids, pyramids, spheres, cylinders, cones)
3-D shapes (age 5+): Analyse and compare 2-D and 3-D shapes using informal language to describe sides, vertices, and other attributes
2-D shapes (age 6+): Identify and describe properties of 2-D shapes including the number of sides and line symmetry in a vertical line
Sorting 2-D and 3-D shapes: Compare and sort common 2-D and 3-D shapes and everyday objects by their properties

Explaining Mathematical Reasoning: With teacher prompting, explain and justify mathematical reasoning using drawings, number sentences, or words

Halves and quarters (age 7+): Solve word problems involving dollar bills, quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies, using $ and ¢ symbols appropriately
Addition as combining or putting together two: Understand addition as combining or putting together two groups to find the total
Representing Addition and Subtraction: Represent addition and subtraction using objects, drawings, and mental images
Addition and subtraction word problems: Solve addition and subtraction word problems within 10 using objects or drawings
Numbers up to 10 into pairs: Decompose numbers up to 10 into pairs in more than one way (part-part-whole)
Counting objects to 20: Count a set of objects to answer 'how many?' for sets up to 20 (arranged in lines, arrays, circles, or scattered)
Reading and writing numbers to 20: Read and write numerals from 0 to 20
Counting forwards and backwards: Count forwards and backwards in steps of 3 from 0

Precise Maths Communication: Communicate with mathematical precision: use correct vocabulary, specify units, and use symbols accurately
Hands-On Problem Solving: Select and use familiar tools (concrete objects, fingers, ten frames) to help solve a mathematical problem
Making Sense of Problems: Make sense of a problem by identifying what is being asked, choosing concrete objects or pictures to represent the situation, and explaining a pathway to the solution
Connecting maths to real life: Represent real-world problems with number sentences, bar models, or diagrams, and interpret the mathematical result back in context