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How to learn Grade 4: Mathematics

Arkansas academic standards: Mathematics, Grade 4

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1. Grade 4 · Organize and analyze data.

  1. Measurement Line Plots: Make a line plot to display measurement data in fractions of a unit (1/2, 1/4, 1/8); solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions using line plot data
  2. Understanding fractions: Make a line plot to display a data set of measurements in fractions of a unit (1/2, 1/4, 1/8); use operations on fractions to solve problems involving data in line plots (e.g. redistribute total equally)
  3. Pictograms and tally charts (age 6+): Read, write, and use the vocabulary of data collection and display — data, tally, tally chart, frequency, frequency table, survey, pictogram, bar chart, axis/axes, scale, label, category, discrete data, continuous data, line graph, pie chart — and apply these terms when collecting, organising, and presenting data

2. Grade 4 · Apply measurement knowledge to solve real-world problems.

  1. Measurement Conversions: Solve problems involving the calculation and conversion of units of measure, using decimal notation and multi-step reasoning in real-world contexts

3. Grade 4 · Calculate the perimeter of polygons, area of rectangles, and liquid volume.

  1. Perimeters of polygons: Solve problems involving perimeters of polygons: find perimeter from side lengths, find an unknown side length, and explore rectangles with same perimeter but different areas (or vice versa)

4. Grade 4 · Expand knowledge of shapes by analyzing sides and angles.

  1. 2-D shapes (age 8+): Identify lines of symmetry in 2-D shapes presented in different orientations; recognise line-symmetric figures and draw lines of symmetry
  2. Lines, Rays & Angles: Draw and identify points, lines, line segments, rays, angles (right, acute, obtuse), and perpendicular and parallel lines; identify these in two-dimensional figures
  3. Classifying shapes by line properties: Classify two-dimensional figures based on the presence or absence of parallel or perpendicular lines, or angles of a specified size; recognise right triangles as a category
  4. What Is an Angle?: Understand that an angle is a geometric shape formed by two rays sharing a common endpoint (vertex); recognise angles in real-life contexts and 2-D shapes
  5. Degrees and turns: Know that angles are measured in degrees, where one degree is 1/360 of a full turn; understand that an angle turning through n one-degree angles has a measure of n degrees
  6. Measuring angles: Measure angles in whole-number degrees using a protractor; draw given angles and sketch angles of specified measure
  7. Measuring angles (age 9+): Recognise angle measure as additive; find unknown angles by adding or subtracting on a diagram using equations with a symbol for the unknown

5. Grade 4 · Students develop and apply an understanding of foundational algebraic concepts.

  1. Shape patterns: Generate a number or shape pattern that follows a given rule; identify apparent features of the pattern not explicit in the rule and explain informally why they occur

6. Grade 4 · Solve real-world problems.

  1. Real-world fraction multiplication: Solve real-world problems involving multiplication of fractions and mixed numbers, using visual fraction models or equations
  2. Fractions of a whole (age 10+): Interpret a fraction as division of the numerator by the denominator (a/b = a ÷ b); solve word problems involving division of whole numbers leading to fractional or mixed-number answers
  3. Multi-step problems: choosing operations: Solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, deciding which operations and methods to use and why; solve multi-step problems in contexts
  4. Multiplicative Comparison: Interpret a multiplication equation as a comparison (e.g. 35 = 5 × 7 means 35 is 5 times as many as 7); represent verbal statements of multiplicative comparisons as equations

7. Grade 4 · Perform operations, using place value understanding and properties of operations.

  1. Multiplying fractions: Understand a/b as a multiple of 1/b; multiply proper fractions and mixed numbers by whole numbers, supported by visual models (e.g. 3 × 2/5 = 6/5 = 1 1/5)
  2. Dividing fractions (unit fractions): Interpret and compute division of a unit fraction by a non-zero whole number (e.g. 1/3 ÷ 4 = 1/12); use visual models and the relationship between multiplication and division to explain the result
  3. Adding fractions (different denominators): Add and subtract fractions with denominators that are multiples of the same number by finding a common denominator
  4. Place value of each digit: Recognise the place value of each digit in a four-digit number (thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones)
  5. Adding and subtracting (age 10+): Solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why, with numbers up to 10,000,000 and decimals
  6. Factors, multiples, and primes: Find all factor pairs for a whole number in the range 1–100; identify common factors and common multiples of two numbers; use these concepts to solve problems

8. Grade 4 · Develop and apply equivalent fraction understanding.

  1. Equivalent fractions (age 9+): Explain why a fraction a/b is equivalent to (n×a)/(n×b) using visual models; use this principle to recognise and generate equivalent fractions, including tenths and hundredths
  2. Converting tenths to hundredths: Express a fraction with denominator 10 as an equivalent fraction with denominator 100 and use this to add fractions with denominators 10 and 100 (e.g. 3/10 + 4/100 = 34/100)
  3. Decimals for Tenths & Hundredths: Use decimal notation for fractions with denominators 10 or 100; read and write decimal numbers as fractions (e.g. 0.62 = 62/100, 0.71 = 71/100)

9. Grade 4 · Develop a conceptual understanding of fractions.

  1. Fraction Addition Concepts: Understand addition and subtraction of fractions as joining and separating parts; decompose a fraction into a sum of fractions with the same denominator in more than one way

10. Grade 4 · Use place value understanding to compare numbers.

  1. Comparing Decimals: Compare two decimals to hundredths (or up to three decimal places) by reasoning about size using place-value understanding; record with >, =, <
  2. Comparing Large Numbers: Order and compare numbers beyond 1000
  3. Comparing fractions (age 8+): Compare two fractions with the same numerator or the same denominator by reasoning about size; record comparisons with >, =, or < symbols

11. Grade 4 · Understand the base ten place value system.

  1. Place Value × 10 Pattern: Recognise that in a multi-digit whole number, a digit in one place represents ten times what it represents in the place to its right (e.g. 700 ÷ 70 = 10)
  2. Reading and writing numbers (age 9+): Read, write, order, and compare whole numbers up to at least 1,000,000 using base-ten numerals, number names, expanded form, and place-value understanding
  3. Place Value × 10 and ÷ 10: Recognise that in a multi-digit number, a digit in one place represents 10 times as much as in the place to its right and 1/10 of what it represents in the place to its left