How to learn Phase 2: Personal, social and physical education

IB PYP Personal, Social and Physical Education (PSPE) Scope and Sequence, Phase 2

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1. Personal, social and physical education

1. Seeing Someone Else's Point of View: Practise perspective-taking by imagining how someone else might feel in a given situation — using prompts like 'How would you feel if that happened to you?' and applying this when reading stories or during real interactions
2. Triggers and Causes of Feelings: Understand that feelings have causes — something happens (a trigger) and that makes us feel a certain way — and begin to identify what triggers their own emotions
3. How Emotions Feel in Your Body: Understand the connection between emotions and the body — recognising physical signals like butterflies in the stomach (nervous), clenched fists (angry), racing heart (scared or excited), and tight shoulders (stressed)
4. Growth Mindset: Understand the concept of a growth mindset — that abilities and intelligence can grow with effort, practice, and good strategies — as opposed to a fixed mindset where you believe you're either good at something or you're not
5. Choosing the Right Coping Strategy: Understand that different situations require different coping strategies — what works for anger might not work for sadness, and what helps at school might be different from what helps at home
6. Different Lives and Experiences: Understand that people's lives and experiences can be very different from their own — that some children face challenges like disability, poverty, family difficulties, or being new to a country — and develop compassion rather than judgement
7. Mild to Strong Emotions: Understand that emotions come in different intensities — from mild to strong — and that the same emotion can feel very different depending on how intense it is (e.g., annoyed → angry → furious, or nervous → anxious → panicked)
8. Positive Self-Talk: Use positive self-talk to manage difficult situations — replacing unhelpful thoughts like 'I'm stupid' or 'I'll never be able to do this' with encouraging ones like 'This is hard but I can keep trying' or 'I've done hard things before'
9. Emotion Vocabulary: Use a wider vocabulary of emotion words beyond the basics — including frustrated, worried, anxious, embarrassed, jealous, proud, disappointed, grateful, and lonely — and distinguish between similar emotions
10. Personal Goal-Setting: Set realistic personal goals, create a simple plan to achieve them, monitor their own progress, and adjust their approach when things aren't working
11. Actions and Their Consequences: Understand that actions have consequences — that what you choose to do affects both yourself and other people — and begin to think about what might happen before they act
12. Stop, Think, Then Choose: Use a simple decision-making process when faced with a choice — stopping to think, identifying the options, considering the consequences of each option, and then choosing — rather than acting impulsively
13. Coping with Life Changes: Understand that change is a normal part of life — such as starting school, getting a new teacher, a new baby arriving, or moving house — and identify simple strategies that help them cope with changes