How to learn Grade 1: Social studies

Ohio academic standards: Social studies, Grade 1

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1. Economics

What Money Is: What money is and why we use it; that money is exchanged for goods and services; brief history from barter to coins to digital payments
Buying Things: How buying and selling works: prices, paying for items, receiving change; the basic transaction process in shops and markets
Needs & Wants: The difference between things we need (food, shelter, clothing) and things we want (toys, treats); that we sometimes have to choose because money is limited

Rules and agreements exist: Understand why rules and agreements exist — that they help keep people safe, make things fair, and help groups work well together — and follow agreed rules willingly rather than only when being watched
Vocabulary: working with others: Know and use the vocabulary of working with others — cooperate, share, take turns, team, listen, agree, disagree respectfully, and include — and understand that these words describe habits that friendships and group work depend on
Actions and Their Consequences: Understand that actions have consequences — that what you choose to do affects both yourself and other people — and begin to think about what might happen before they act

Vocabulary: historical thinking: Know and use the vocabulary of historical thinking — source, evidence, primary source, secondary source, artefact, chronology, chronological order, BC/BCE, AD/CE, century, decade, era, period, timeline, excavation, archaeologist, interpretation, corroborate, bias, perspective — and apply these terms when discussing how we know about the past and how reliable our knowledge is
Evidence from the Past: Understand that everything we know about the past comes from evidence — objects, buildings, pictures, documents, and stories that have survived

Coins & Notes: Recognising common coins and notes, knowing their values, and understanding that different combinations can make the same amount
Earning Money: Ways that children and adults earn money; the connection between work, skills and pay; that harder or more skilled work often pays more
Making Change: Calculating change from a purchase; working confidently with pounds and pence together; solving practical money problems involving addition and subtraction

Buyers & Sellers: When someone makes or has something, they can sell it; when someone wants something, they can buy it; introduction to the concept of exchange and transactions
Making Something to Sell: The experience of creating a product to sell — a craft, a drawing, baked goods; what makes something worth buying; pride in making something others want

Goods & Services: Some people make things (goods) and some people do things for others (services); recognising both in everyday life and understanding that both have value

The world contains many cultures, traditions: Understand that the world contains many cultures, traditions, and belief systems, and that learning about others' perspectives enriches our own understanding — developing genuine curiosity about and respect for cultural diversity

Similarities & Differences: Notice and appreciate ways that people are similar to and different from each other — including appearance, family structures, languages spoken, foods eaten, and celebrations observed — and understand that differences make communities interesting

Understanding People in Their Own Time: Understand that people in the past saw the world very differently from us — judge their actions by the context they lived in, not only by today's values