How to learn Grade 1: Social studies

Pennsylvania academic standards: Social studies, Grade 1

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1. How Government Works

1. Actions and Their Consequences: Understand that actions have consequences — that what you choose to do affects both yourself and other people — and begin to think about what might happen before they act

2. Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship

1. Vocabulary: ethics and citizenship: Know and use the vocabulary of ethics and citizenship — bullying, cyberbullying, bystander, upstander, peer pressure, digital citizenship, rights, responsibility, and ethical — and understand the distinctions between these closely related terms
2. Resolving Disagreements with Friends: Resolve simple disagreements with peers by talking it through — explaining how they feel, listening to the other person's side, and finding a compromise or solution that both can accept
3. Community Rights and Responsibilities: Understand their rights and responsibilities as a member of a community — that everyone has a right to be treated with respect and to feel safe, and that with rights come responsibilities to treat others the same way

3. Principles and Documents of Government

1. Rules and agreements exist: Understand why rules and agreements exist — that they help keep people safe, make things fair, and help groups work well together — and follow agreed rules willingly rather than only when being watched
2. Fairness, Equality and Equity: Understand what fairness means and why it matters — recognising that fair doesn't always mean equal (everyone getting the same) but can mean equitable (everyone getting what they need), and applying this understanding in group situations

4. Historical Analysis and Skills Development

1. Vocabulary: historical thinking: Know and use the vocabulary of historical thinking — source, evidence, primary source, secondary source, artefact, chronology, chronological order, BC/BCE, AD/CE, century, decade, era, period, timeline, excavation, archaeologist, interpretation, corroborate, bias, perspective — and apply these terms when discussing how we know about the past and how reliable our knowledge is

5. Income, Profit, and Wealth

1. Saving Money: Why people save money; piggy banks and saving jars; setting a savings goal; the idea that not spending now means having more later
2. Goods & Services: Some people make things (goods) and some people do things for others (services); recognising both in everyday life and understanding that both have value
3. Buyers & Sellers: When someone makes or has something, they can sell it; when someone wants something, they can buy it; introduction to the concept of exchange and transactions
4. Jobs People Do: Different kinds of work people do; that people earn money by working; how jobs help the community; linking personal interests to possible jobs
5. Earning Money: Ways that children and adults earn money; the connection between work, skills and pay; that harder or more skilled work often pays more

6. Markets and Economic Systems

1. What Money Is: What money is and why we use it; that money is exchanged for goods and services; brief history from barter to coins to digital payments
2. Advertising & Spending: How advertising tries to influence what we buy; being a critical consumer; understanding 'value for money'; the difference between emotional and rational spending

7. Scarcity and Choice

1. Needs & Wants: The difference between things we need (food, shelter, clothing) and things we want (toys, treats); that we sometimes have to choose because money is limited