How to learn Kindergarten: Mathematics

Florida academic standards: Mathematics, Kindergarten

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1. Data Analysis and Probability

1. Sorting into categories: Classify objects into given categories, count the number in each category, and sort the categories by count
2. Sorting Data into Categories: Organise and represent data with up to three categories by counting objects in each category and sorting categories by quantity

2. Geometric Reasoning

1. Composing Shapes: Compose two-dimensional shapes (rectangles, squares, trapezoids, triangles, half-circles, quarter-circles) to create composite shapes, and compose new shapes from the composite shape
2. 3-D shapes: Recognise and name common 3-D shapes (cubes, cuboids, pyramids, spheres, cylinders, cones)
3. Sorting 2-D and 3-D shapes: Compare and sort common 2-D and 3-D shapes and everyday objects by their properties

3. Measurement

1. Measuring length (age 6+): Measure the length of an object using same-size length units laid end to end with no gaps or overlaps
2. Measurable Attributes of Objects: Describe and identify measurable attributes of objects such as length, height, weight, and capacity; use comparative language (longer, shorter, heavier, lighter, more, less)
3. Comparing lengths by measuring: Measure to determine how much longer one object is than another, expressing the length difference in terms of a standard length unit

4. Algebraic Reasoning

1. Representing Addition and Subtraction: Represent addition and subtraction using objects, drawings, and mental images
2. Using objects to model real problems: Use objects, drawings, or simple number sentences to represent a real-world situation (early mathematical modelling)
3. Numbers up to 10 into pairs: Decompose numbers up to 10 into pairs in more than one way (part-part-whole)
4. Number bonds to 9: Find the number that makes 10 when added to a given number from 1 to 9 (number bonds to 10)

5. Number Sense and Operations

1. Adding and subtracting: Add and subtract one-digit and two-digit numbers to 20, including zero
2. Finding a missing number in addition: Understand subtraction as finding an unknown addend (e.g. 10 − 8 = ? is the same as 8 + ? = 10)
3. Representing Numbers: Identify, represent, and estimate numbers using different representations including the number line
4. The multiples of 10: Understand that the multiples of 10 (10, 20, 30 … 90) represent one to nine tens and 0 ones
5. Rote counting to 100: Rote count forwards and backwards from 0 to 100, beginning from 0, 1, or any given number, by ones
6. Comparing groups: more or fewer: Compare two groups of objects to determine which has more, fewer, or whether they are equal, using matching and counting strategies
7. Positional Language: Describe the position of objects using terms such as above, below, beside, in front of, behind, next to
8. Counting objects to 20: Count a set of objects to answer 'how many?' for sets up to 20 (arranged in lines, arrays, circles, or scattered)